Research Article: Development of the Control System for Artificial Reproduction of Fish Populations Based on a Complex of Neroendocrinological Research and Biotech Innovations

Abstract

The participation of the hypothalamic-hypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) in fish reproduction using light, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry was established by ecologo-histophysiological studies for the first time in the world literature. At the beginning of passing fish migrations a violation of the HHNS basic osmoregulative function, causing habitat change is revealed. Simultaneously the HHNS causes the neurotropic effect on the central nervous system (CNS) arousal in the form of a dominant state of "Migration impulse." At the beginning of spawning, HHNS also initiates spawning behavior and completes it by participating in the body's protective-adaptive reactions to natural physiological stress. The functional role of the HHNS in fish reproduction is to initiate energy-intensive (reproductive) processes of migratory and spawning behaviors and to complete spawning by suppressing the hyperactivity of target glands, which ensures the body's transition to energy-saving plastic exchange. The analysis of the key role of the HHNS in the integration of fish reproduction by the self-regulation principle has allowed the development of a constructive working scheme. New biotech methods of managing breeding time, rates of survival and growth of valuable fish species were developed on this basis. They are presented in the form of 10 inventions. To stimulate sex maturation, drugs of isolated anterior and posterior pituitary lobes were developed and introduced in sturgeon industry, increasing the extent of their fish-breeding use by 15% and saving the pituitary up to 40%. To delay puberty, a method of industrial fish breeders reservation in the critical salinity habitat of 4-8‰, both in seawater and in table salt solutions has been developed. On this basis, a full-system method of sturgeon and salmon fish populations reproduction, covering all stages of farm biotechnology has been developed. It is carried out by mass breeders reservation in sea cages, obtaining there offspring and, after the river fish-farm growing youngs to their readiness for migration, the final cultivation them in sea cages gardens till large life-resistant youngs. For the implementation of the proposed industrial biotechnology and year-round fish farming a new installation of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) hatcheries and farms was developed by means of the off-season underground conditioning of fish cultivation habitat and by the principle of natural-industrial engineering ecology. Due to the general aim ‒ increasing the efficiency biotechnology of reproduction and logical relationships, all developments are integrated into the system of biotech management of fish population reproduction.