Research Direction toward Scalable, Stable, and High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Discovery of the 9.7% efficiency, 500 h stable solid‐state perovskite solar cell (PSC) in 2012 triggered off a wave of perovskite photovoltaics. As a result, a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% was recorded in 2019. Publications on PSCs have increased exponentially since 2012 and the total number of publications reached over 13 200 as of August 2019. PCE has improved by developing device structures from mesoscopic sensitization to planar p‐i‐n (or n‐i‐p) junction and by changing composition from MAPbI3 to FAPbI3‐based mixed cations and/or mixed anion perovskites. Long‐term stability has been significantly improved by interfacial engineering with hydrophobic materials or the 2D/3D concept. Although small area cells exhibit superb efficiency, scale‐up technology is required toward commercialization. In this review, research direction toward large‐area, stable, high efficiency PSCs is emphasized. For large‐area perovskite coating, a precursor solution is equally important as coating methods. Precursor engineering and formulation of the precursor solution are described. For hysteresis‐less, stable, and higher efficiency PSCs, interfacial engineering is one of the best ways as defects can be effectively passivated and thereby nonradiative recombination is efficiently reduced. Methodologies are introduced to minimize interfacial and grain boundary recombination.

Implicit Tandem Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Internal Dye Sensitization: Robotized Screening, Synthesis, Device Implementation, and Theoretical Insights

“…The hype of the perovskite materials can be traced to its many attractive features, such as efficient light absorption, spectral tunability, high conductivity, ease of fabrication, and potential low production cost. 1 , 3 − 5 Despite the promising results for solar cell applications, there are some aspects retarding large-scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells. These include the intrinsic instability with respect to moist air and the toxicity of lead raising concerns over potential environmental hazards.…”

The Challenge for Building Integration of Highly Transparent Photovoltaics and Photoelectrochromic Devices

“…More than 13300 papers were published from 2012 to august 2019 on perovskite solar cells, according to a recent review by Park et al [64]. Such paper described active research toward the scale-up of perovskite-based cells and modules.…”

How to avoid the perfect storm: The role of energy and photovoltaics

“…Grid parity: Residential, commercial/industrial applications Electricity price in Italy 28 10-22 € cent/kWh Quantum-dot solar cells are another interesting and even younger technology; while the best recorded performance is now 16.7%, the high potential for improvement has not been fully explored yet, in particular the degrees of freedom afforded by possible structural morphologies at the nanometric and micrometric scale. 32,33 Quantum-dot cells can be manufactured by rather inexpensive approaches, and good stability is expected.…”