Research methods of refined oil from peel calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

Abstract

The research on extraction and refining of oil was conducted on the calamondin peels purchased in Thu Duc Market. Them originated from the province of Tien Giang in Viet Nam. The purpose of research evaluation of the quality of refined oil by refining methods such as deposition/filtration, crystallization - suctioning of oil, using Na2SO4 – filtering of oil, Na2SO4 - suctioning of oil, second extraction and combination all the above methods. The results showed that the initial moisture content of the material was 77.37%, and dry matter content was 8.46%. Extraction at optimum conditions is 60 minutes, 1/8 of raw material / solvent ratio (w / v), with fresh ingredients and raw material size is small at 1 ÷ 3.5 mm the highest oil content was obtained. The essential oil obtained contain a high content of Limonene (over 85%), which has been shown to be able to inhibit breast cancer, colorectal cancer, control heartburn and gastric reflux, and support the treatment of gallstones containing cholesterol.

Food Processing Waste in Vietnam: Utilization and Prospects in Food Industry for Sustainability Development

“…Phenolic compounds have been related to several health advantages, including cardiovascular disease prevention, cancer prevention, diabetes prevention, and obesity prevention (Reboredo-Rodríguez et al, 2018). The potential inhibition of lipid oxidation as well as the growth of molds and bacteria led to the banana peel could be converted into functional food (Vu et al, 2018). Hence, extracting these secondary metabolites from banana peels may result in usable materials, raising the value of the banana sector.…”

Phytochemicals, Bioactive Properties and Commercial Potential of Calamondin (Citrofortunella microcarpa) Fruits: A Review

“…The fruit peel contains various important chemicals (limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, linalool, geraniol, and citral) similar to those found in other citrus fruits of the Rutaceae family. The fruit peel also contains flavonoids like naringosi, hesperidin, diosmin, diosmetin, and hesperidin, which can protect the walls of blood vessels, reduce their permeability, and increase their elasticity, thus preventing blood vessel rupture and lowering blood pressure [1,12]. Essential oils extracted from the calamondin fruit peel are clear liquids with a distinct aroma.…”

“…The essential oil has various benefits, such as preventing nail fungus, promoting restful sleep, treating headaches, stimulating appetite, deodorizing, reducing blood sugar levels, and relieving flatulence. It also can potentially prevent the development of liver, esophageal, colon, and skin cancers [12]. ) is a hydrocarbon that appears as a clear liquid and is classified as a terpenoid (Figure 2).…”

“…D-Limonene can be extracted using various methods; the primary solvents used for extractions include hexane, methanol, and acetone, and the yield of D-limonene varies with the type of solvent used. D-Limonene has various beneficial biological properties, including anticarcinogenic activity, antioxidant activity, effects on apoptosis, and modulation of the immune system [12,13]. Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, possess nutraceutical properties that benefit health.…”

“…It should be noted that the rind of a mature (medium-ripe and fully ripe) calamondin fruit yields less essential oil than the peel of unripe fruit [61][62][63]. The amount of essential oil that can be extracted from ripe peels is typically lower than that from unripe peels because they are softer, and the biochemical content of the peel has changed [12]. Additionally, the origin of the plant and the method used for extraction can also affect the yield and composition of the essential oil [34,64,65].…”