Research on Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Provincial Technological Innovation Capability in China

The relationship between policy adjustment of SO2 emissions charge standard and the growth of green total factor productivity—Evidence from China

“…In this paper, the global SBM directional distance function and the Luenberger productivity index model (Pei L and Zhengmao L, 2022;Yang et al, 2019) is used; the specific method is as follows:…”

“…Finally, s x n , s y m , and s b i , respectively, represent the slack vectors of input, "good" output and "bad" output; that is, the quantities of excessive input, insufficient "good" output and excessive "bad" output. If s x n , s y m , s b i are all positive, this means that the actual input s x n is greater than the boundary input, the actual good output s y m is less than the boundary output, and the actual bad output s b i is greater than the boundary output (Wang et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2019). Figure 2 is the measure method for the growth level of green total factor productivity growth.…”