“…Data are generally stored in databases (Bousdekis et al, 2019;Prudenzi et al, 2019a;Arosio et al, 2014), so that current and historical data can be retrieved at any point (Ardila et al, 2020;Romero et al, 2021). Processing then includes data cleaning or preprocessing (Uhlmann et al, 2017;Åkerman et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2018), data visualization (Yu et al, 2014;Bousdekis et al, 2019;Prathima et al, 2020), and in general, data analysis (Wiemer et al, 2019;Ranjbar et al, 2019;Calabrese et al, 2020). Although data processing is often performed entirely in the cloud (Gayathri & Vasudevan, 2018;Balogh et al, 2018;Iqbal et al, 2019), edge and fog computing can be utilized as alternatives or supplements to cloud computing (Strauß et al, 2018;Shapsough et al, 2020;Magadán et al, 2020).…”