Rational development and utilization of agricultural water and land resources are crucial for national food, ecological, and resource security, owing to the high value of cropland and water resources. Therefore, it is vital to obtain timely and accurate information on the quantity and utilization of these resources for national stability and socio-economic development. In this study, we have summarized the status quo and problems of agricultural water and land resources monitoring and information services in China and expounded the framework of a monitoring and information service system. We proposed the following strategic goals: realizing automatic, intelligent, and unmanned monitoring of agricultural resources and environment and marketing the monitoring information services. These goals can be achieved by increasing the efficiency and outcomes of water and land use and optimizing the spatial allocation of agricultural land and water resources. Moreover, we analyzed the technological routes for agricultural water and land resources monitoring in relation to deep integration of information technology and agriculture and proposed specific projects from the aspects of infrastructure construction, core technology development and integration, and information services. Furthermore, we proposed the following policy suggestions:(1) strengthening the top-level design, (2) enhancing scientific and technological innovation, (2) building a sharing platform for agricultural resource monitoring, (4) deepening the interaction of government, industry, universities, research institutes, and users of agricultural resources, and (5) promoting high-level talent training. Our study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the development of agricultural water and land resources monitoring in China.