Research on Modeling and the Operation Strategy of a Hydrogen-Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System for Flexible Wind Farm Grid-Connection

Abstract

Energy storage systems used for the flexible grid connection of wind farms in terms of minute timescale usually consist of batteries. Due to the capacity constraints of batteries, when wind energy fluctuations exceed limits continuously, this type of energy storage system topology cannot present good performance. To solve this problem, this paper introduces a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) topology consisting of batteries and a hydrogen conversion system (HCS). To achieve a flexible wind farm grid connection with a minimum energy loss, a HESS control strategy is proposed to make full use of the advantages of the HCS capacity and battery energy conversion efficiency. The optimization goal is to minimize power fluctuations, battery life consumption, and energy loss. The energy conversion characteristics of the flexible wind farm grid-connection system are also analyzed. The simulation results show that compared with other strategies using only batteries, the operating strategy using the HESS with the same cost can combine the advantages of the battery efficiency and HCS power continuity to achieve a balance between the controlling energy loss and smoothing power fluctuations. INDEX TERMS Hydrogen conversion system, smoothing power fluctuations, hybrid energy storage system, flexible wind farm grid-connection.

A review of key functionalities of battery energy storage system in renewable energy integrated power systems

“…Another option for the BESS connection is a battery bank with a DC/AC PCS to be connected with the AC bus. A transformer can be installed at BESS output before local AC bus 39,40,41 or after local AC bus 42 to finally being connected with the grid. A few possible PV‐wind‐BESS structures are shown in Figure 5.…”

Electricity-Heat-Hydrogen Modeling of Hydrogen Storage System Considering Off-Design Characteristics

“…Some researchers tentatively VOLUME 4, 2016 consider the off-design characteristics for part of the HSS, paying attention to a certain device or a certain energy type instead of the whole system. In [14] and [15], approximately linear correlation between output power and the electrolyte temperature for the electrolytic cell is proposed for hydrogenbattery integrated scheduling and seasonal hydrogen storage scheduling, respectively. Despite the advantages of simple form and fast solution, there exist two disadvantages for the simple linear model.…”

Mitigating Power Fluctuations for Energy Storage in Wind Energy Conversion System Using Supercapacitors

“…Many research articles have been published about WECS that use hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) consisting of a battery and a supercapacitor [10][11][12]. Verboomen, J, et al [10] have proposed a model for fast power fluctuation caused by demand side load, which puts stress on batteries.…”