Research on the antitumor effect of ginsenoside Rg3 in B16 melanoma cells

Chen, Junxia; Peng, Huimin; Ouyang, Xin; He, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1097/cmr.0b013e32830b3536

Cited by 86 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We speculate that Rg3 may have antitumor effects in human hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting cancer cell growth. This result is consistent with previous studies on the anticarcinogenic effects Rg3 in other malignant tumors (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Liu

Chen

et al. 2012

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. The antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 have been reported in several kinds of human malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and to discuss the possible molecular mechanism(s). We cultured the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, SMMC-7721 and HepG2. The cells were treated with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ ml), and the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay at the 12, 24, 36 and 48 h time-points. Flow cytometry experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of Rg3 on cell apoptosis after the cells had been treated with Rg3 (50 and 100 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 h. The expression levels of caspase-3, bax and bcl-2 in Rg3-treated cells (100 µg/ml, 48 h), as well as normal cells were detected through real-time PCR experiments. MTT assay showed that the inhibition rate of cell proliferation in the Rg3 groups was significantly higher compared to the control groups in both the SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines, and the inhibition rate increased with increasing Rg3 concentrations and duration of treatment. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the Rg3 groups had a significantly higher cell apoptotic rate compared to the control groups in both the SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines, and that the effect of Rg3 on cell apoptosis occurred in a concentration-and time-dependent manner, as was also shown by the MTT assay. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the gene expression levels of caspase-3 and bax were significantly enhanced in the Rg3 groups compared to the control groups in both the SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines, but the gene expression level of bcl-2 was significantly inhibited. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg3 can effectively inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and promoting cancer cell apoptosis, and it may promote cancer cell apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Liu

Chen

et al. 2012

Mol Med Report

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“…Nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 was performed as previously described (Cheah et al, 2006;Chen et al, 2008). Briefly, treated and untreated cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) followed by incubation in 10 µg/mL Hoechst 33258 solution at room temperature for 20 min.…”

Section: Nuclear Staining With Hoechst 33258mentioning

confidence: 99%

Syzygium aromaticum extracts as good source of betulinic acid and potential anti-breast cancer

Aisha¹,

Abu‐Salah²,

Alrokayan³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Myrtaceae, is an evergreen tree with anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the anti-breast cancer effect of extracts from leaves, stem and bark of S. aromaticum and to develop a method for preparation of betulinic acid fraction from the leaves. Betulinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid contents of the extracts were determined by HPLC. A betulinic acid fraction was prepared by simple crystallization of leaves extract and was characterized by HPLC and mass analysis. Anti-breast cancer effects were studied on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The extracts were found to contain high levels of betulinic acid particularly the leaves extract which contained 17% wt/wt. The betulinic acid fraction contains 75% betulinic acid. Cytotoxicity testing reveals high and selective cytotoxic effect of the stem extract on MCF-7 cells with IC50 33±1.6 µg/mL. Cytotoxic effect of the stem extract was due to activation of apoptotic machinery of cell death. Combination studies of stem extract with tamoxifen reveals antagonistic effect at high concentration of tamoxifen and enhancement effect at low concentration. The selective cytotoxicity of the stem extract of S. aromaticum on MCF-7 is not due to betulinic acid but due to other constituents yet to be discovered.

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“…Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits angiogenesis of Lewis lung carcinoma [7,8] , metastasis of intestinal adenocarcinomas and B16 melenoma [9,10] , and proliferation of prostate cancer cells [11,12] . Recent reports showed that tanshinone II-A, an alcohol extract of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, could reverse malignant phenotypes and inhibit the growth of CRC and hepatocarcinoma cells [13][14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of tanshinone II-A on invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells

et al. 2009

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Aim: To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of tanshinone II-A, an alcohol extract of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on tumor invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma (CRC) cells. Methods: The effects of tanshinone II-A on invasion and metastasis of CRC cell lines HT29 and SW480 were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Western blotting was used to investigate possible molecular mechanisms of tanshinone II-A anti-cancer actions. Results: Tanshinone II-A inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect also depended on time, with the most significant effects observed at 72 h. Tanshinone II-A also significantly inhibited in vivo metastasis of colon carcinoma SW480 cells. It inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells by reducing levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and by increasing levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase protein (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. Tanshinone II-A was also shown to suppress the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signal. Conclusion: Tanshinone II-A inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. The effect resulted from changes in the levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, and apparent inhibition of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Materials and methods Cell culture and materialsThe human colon carcinoma cell lines HT29 and SW480 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. HT29 cells were cultured in 1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich), while SW480 cells were cultured in L-15 medium (Sigma-Aldrich). Media were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals), and cells were cultured at 37 °C in 5% CO 2 .

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Research on the antitumor effect of ginsenoside Rg3 in B16 melanoma cells

Cited by 86 publications

References 21 publications

Antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Syzygium aromaticum extracts as good source of betulinic acid and potential anti-breast cancer

Inhibitory effects of tanshinone II-A on invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells

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