Research on the Association Between Periodontitis and COPD

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common chronic bacteria-initiated inflammatory disease that is closely associated with various systemic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Periodontitis and COPD share similar risk factors, pathology and microorganisms. Epidemiological and clinical research have shown positive correlation between the two diseases. Individuals with severe periodontitis had a higher risk of developing COPD. Moreover, the relative risk of COPD in severe periodontitis was much higher compared to people without periodontal disease and patients with mild to moderate periodontitis. COPD patients with periodontitis had a higher frequency of COPD exacerbation and periodontal treatment demonstrated some control of COPD. However, the nature of periodontitis affecting COPD still needs further exploration. Periodontitis caused microbial and immune imbalances of the lung through several aspects: (I) under periodontitis status, periodontal pathogens directly caused the lung inflammatory reaction after inhalation and colonization on the lung, (II) periodontitis status promoted the oral colonization of pneumonia-associated pathogens, (III) periodontitis status affected the respiratory epithelium structure and (IV) periodontitis status caused imbalances in neutrophils, macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we conclude the association between periodontitis and COPD through several aspects and further discuss the potential mechanism by which periodontitis affects COPD.

A Proposal for a Predictive Model for the Number of Patients with Periodontitis Exposed to Particulate Matter and Atmospheric Factors Using Deep Learning

“…As a part of general health, oral health is also projected to be affected by exposure to air pollution. Environ-mental pollutants such as PM and air pollution increase the risk of periodontal and respiratory disease, causing chronic inflammation and damage to respiratory and oral tissues 14,23) . The results of previous studies suggest the possible association between PM exposure and periodontitis occurence 12,13,24) .…”

“…While most of the research has been concentrated on respiratory and cardiovascular effects, there is growing evidence suggesting that PM may also have implications for oral health [11][12][13] . Studies have indicated that PM exposure can exacerbate respiratory disease, indirectly impacting oral health due to the interconnected nature of respiratory and oral systems 14) . Moreover, the potential risk of air pollution becoming a modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease has also been observed in Asian countries 12,13) .…”

Evaluation of bi-directional causal association between periodontitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia: epidemiological studies and two-sample mendelian randomization analysis

“…In addition to removing oral local promoting factors, systemic promoting factors cannot be ignored ( Kwon et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, periodontitis has been found to have negative implications on various non-communicable chronic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ( Wu et al, 2019 ), metabolic syndrome ( Aizenbud et al, 2023 ), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( Xiong et al, 2023 ).…”