Research Progress and Key Technologies of Quantum Network Systems

Abstract

The rapid development of quantum information has brought new opportunities and challenges to modern information technologies. As one of the popular research directions in the field of quantum information, quantum networks aim to utilize the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics to achieve long-distance (secure) communications or provide computational capabilities superior to classical computing networks through distributed computing. The study of quantum networks holds great significance in advancing the practicality of quantum information. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the development trajectory of quantum networks, this study categorizes quantum networks into three types: quantum cryptography, quantum cloud computing, and quantum teleportation networks, based on different application scenarios and technical approaches. It provides comprehensive reviews of both domestic and international research progress and the challenges faced in each aspect. Furthermore, in conjunction with the practical implementation of quantum networks, the key technologies that need to be overcome in the development of quantum network systems, involving link establishment, information transmission, networking protocols, and physical hardware, are summarized. Overall, the development of quantum networks is still in the primary stage. At this stage, actively addressing challenges and seizing opportunities are of great significance to enhance the technological prowess of China. Therefore, to promote the development of