Research Progress and Potential Applications of Spermidine in Ocular Diseases

Han, Wentao; Li, Haoyu; Chen, Baihua

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14071500

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…The potential benefits of spermidine in ocular diseases are far-reaching [ 65 ]. The defective mitochondrial oxidation of substrates, which is mediated by spermidine, is one of the pathophysiology channels that is seen in glaucoma [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies

Musa

Zeppieri

Atuanya

et al. 2023

Life

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Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that can lead to irreversible functional and morphological damage if left untreated. The gold standard therapeutic approaches in managing patients with glaucoma and limiting progression include local drops, laser, and/or surgery, which are all geared at reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, organic compounds, and micronutrients have been gaining increasing interest in the past decade as integrative IOP-independent strategies to delay or halt glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell degeneration. In our minireview, we examine the various nutrients and compounds proposed in the current literature for the management of ophthalmology diseases, especially for glaucoma. With respect to each substance considered, this minireview reports the molecular and biological characteristics, neuroprotective activities, antioxidant properties, beneficial mechanisms, and clinical studies published in the past decade in the field of general medicine. This study highlights the potential benefits of these substances in glaucoma and other ophthalmologic pathologies. Nutritional supplementation can thus be useful as integrative IOP-independent strategies in the management of glaucoma and in other ophthalmologic pathologies. Large multicenter clinical trials based on functional and morphologic data collected over long follow-up periods in patients with IOP-independent treatments can pave the way for alternative and/or coadjutant therapeutic options in the management of glaucoma and other ocular pathologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies

Musa

Zeppieri

Atuanya

et al. 2023

Life

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“…While spermidine offers therapeutic benefits, its use in treating ocular conditions must be approached with caution due to potential Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org cytotoxic effects. These include the risk of excessive proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelium cells, which may lead to complications such as hyperproliferative retinopathy (Han et al, 2022).…”

Section: Possible Side Effects and Potential Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for nutritional supplements for dry eye disease: current advances

Cong,

Zhang,

Han

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent ocular surface disease. The development of effective nutritional management strategies for DED is crucial due to its association with various factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deficiencies in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), imbalanced PUFA ratios, and vitamin insufficiencies. Extensive research has explored the impact of oral nutritional supplements, varying in composition and dosage, on the symptoms of DED. The main components of these supplements include fish oils (Omega-3 fatty acids), vitamins, trace elements, and phytochemical extracts. Beyond these well-known nutrients, it is necessary to explore whether novel nutrients might contribute to more effective DED management. This review provides a comprehensive update on the therapeutic potential of nutrients and presents new perspectives for combination supplements in DED treatment.

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“…However, clinical data failed to confirm any positive effects of spermidine on age-related cognitive decline in contrast to preclinical studies, implying a respective effect [28]. The same also applies to the putative role of spermidine in other age-related diseases [8,29], cardiovascular health [30][31][32], nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [33], Alzheimer's disease [34], immune functions [35], and ophthalmology [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine that plays a crucial role in mammalian metabolism. As spermidine levels decline with age, spermidine supplementation is suggested to prevent or delay age-related diseases. However, valid pharmacokinetic data regarding spermidine remains lacking. Therefore, for the first time, the present study investigated the pharmacokinetics of oral spermidine supplementation. (2) Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded, two-armed crossover trial with two 5-day intervention phases separated by a washout phase of 9 days. In 12 healthy volunteers, 15 mg/d of spermidine was administered orally, and blood and saliva samples were taken. Spermidine, spermine, and putrescine were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The plasma metabolome was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. (3) Results: Compared with a placebo, spermidine supplementation significantly increased spermine levels in the plasma, but it did not affect spermidine or putrescine levels. No effect on salivary polyamine concentrations was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study’s results suggest that dietary spermidine is presystemically converted into spermine, which then enters systemic circulation. Presumably, the in vitro and clinical effects of spermidine are at least in part attributable to its metabolite, spermine. It is rather unlikely that spermidine supplements with doses <15 mg/d exert any short-term effects.

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Research Progress and Potential Applications of Spermidine in Ocular Diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 127 publications

Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies

Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies

Recommendations for nutritional supplements for dry eye disease: current advances

High-Dose Spermidine Supplementation Does Not Increase Spermidine Levels in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pharmacokinetic and Metabolomic Study

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