Research progress of engineering microbial cell factories for pigment production

Molecular strategies to enhance the keratinase gene expression and its potential implications in poultry feed industry

“…So, feather meal for poultry chickens may be used as an effective diet regime ( Ayanwale et al, 2023 ). The feather-based diet in broiler chickens investigated under the 2 different regimes keratinase supplement diet visibly improved the Glutathione activity and retard the Melanodialdehyde amount in wing muscles, and found that the highest regime proved good in meat quality, digestibility, and growth of feather-containing diet ( Xu et al, 2023 ). Protease diet in broiler chickens are studied is significantly better results in diet conversion ratios, diet intake body weight internally was not affected but it proved the better- improved result for the morphology of guts ( Lee et al, 2022 ).…”

“…The heterologous production of the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. A2-5a CGTase in Bacillus subtilis, however, has only been shown once ( Dolya et al, 2023 ; Xu et al, 2023 ; Zhou et al, 2023 ). Mechanism of synthesis & secretion of keratinase by Bacillus subtilis as shown in Figure 4 .…”

Microbial Pigments: Major Groups and Industrial Applications

“…For this purpose, different strategies are used to build new biosynthetic pathways by recombining multiple target genes or regulating crucial molecule precursors in the biochemical chain to enhance the final yield of a bioproduct. They appear to be essential tools for the future market of these bioproducts [152,153]. The possibility of genetic engineering expands the perspectives of the production and application of microbial pigments, which can have their process optimized.…”

Biotechnological Applications of Microbial Pigments

“…For this purpose, different strategies are used to build new biosynthetic pathways by recombining multiple target genes or regulating crucial molecule precursors in t he biochemical chain to enhance the final yield of a bioproduct. They appear as an essential tool for the future market of these bioproducts [149,174]. The possibility of genetic engineering expands the perspectives of the production and application of microbial pigments, which can have their process optimized.…”

“…Synthetic biology is a well-known tool in the biotechnology of pigments and their microbial producers due to the possibility of controlling and improving the biosynthesis of a bioproduct through modification in microbial genes. Researchers construct heterogeneous synthesis pathways after identifying functional genes for pigment production chains by direct cloning or through a metagenomics tool, followed by pathway assembly targeting the recombination of target genes (plasmid or plasmid-free techniques) [174]. Following this concept, an increased yield of 𝛽-carotene was obtained after expressing three lipase and carotene pathway encoding genes from other microbial genera into the baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [179].…”