Research Progress of Functional Polyacrylonitrile Fiber in Promoting Organic Reaction

Abstract

Polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF) has excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance and good thermal stability, and it is easy to be modified. Physical modification can be achieved by adding additives or functional monomers into polyacrylonitrile spinning dope or heat treating PANF. Chemical surface modification of PANF includes amination, amidation, oxidation, reduction, cross-linking, hydrolysis, acid treatment and chemical grafting. Surface modification brings many special functional groups to PANF, which can be further used as carriers of organic compounds, organic ligands, enzymes and transition metals. Functionalized PANF with catalytic activity was obtained by loading the catalytic active sites. In recent years, functional PANF has been widely used as heterogeneous catalyst in the field of organic synthesis. The research achievements and progress of functional PANF catalyst in organic reactions are reviewed, including condensation reaction, coupling reaction, addition reaction, redox reaction and multi-component one-pot reaction. The synthesis and structure of fiber catalyst are introduced, the catalytic performance is discussed, and the possible catalytic mechanism is analyzed, which pave the way for the development of better functional PANF. Keywords polyacrylonitrile fiber; carrier; modification; functionalization; catalysis; organic synthesis 为解决均相催化剂难以循环使用等问题, 将均相催 化剂固定在载体材料上是一个有效的解决思路. 固定化 催化剂有重复使用性能好、稳定性高、易于分离和回收 等优点 [1] . 使用可回收的催化剂进行有机合成, 最大限 度地提高催化效率, 减少废物和污染, 符合绿色和可持 续化学的概念, 也是当下的热点 [2] . 各种材料被用作固 定均相催化剂的载体, 如无机载体(分子筛 [3] 、沸石 [4] 和 二氧化硅 [5] 等)、有机高分子载体(纤维素 [6] 、树脂 [7] 和壳 聚糖 [8] 等)和复合载体(磁性二氧化硅 [9] 和复合金属氧化 物 [10] 等). 有机聚合物载体通常具有成本低和易于修饰 的优点, 聚合物负载的催化剂由于其独特的微环境可以 增强催化活性和反应的选择性 [11] .聚丙烯腈纤维(Polyacrylonitrile fiber, PANF)被称为 人造羊毛, 是人工合成的聚合物材料, 在工业和日常生 活中应用广泛. PANF 广泛应用于服装、储能材料 [12][13] 、 污水净化材料 [14][15] 、化学传感器 [16][17] 及固体催化剂 [18][19] 等领域. 现今, PANF 的应用超出了其在材料科学领域 的一般应用.