“…In recent years, advances in nanostructure engineering have impacted material functionality in several prominent fields, including energy (Li et al, 2019; R. Li, Wang, et al, 2015; Liang et al, 2019; Lu et al, 2018), catalysis (Si et al, 2023; Wei et al, 2023; Q. Zhang, Zhou, et al, 2023), sensing (Huang et al, 2017; Zheng et al, 2017; Ziad et al, 2023), and nanomedicine (Chen et al, 2010; Cobley et al, 2010; M. Li, Gao, et al, 2021; C. Wang, Wang, et al, 2018; Xin et al, 2019; Zheng et al, 2017). Among nanomaterials, metal nanostructures have gained significant attention in the field of biomedical research due to several properties.…”