Research progress on emulsion vaccine adjuvants

Huang, Zhuanqing; Gong, Hui; Sun, Qi; Yang, Jinjin; Yan, Xiaochuan; Xu, Fenghua

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24662

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) lacks Mycobacterium components and induces less but still significant local adverse reactions, such as granulomatous reactions and sterile abscesses [1,2]. Other w/o emulsion adjuvants, Montanide ISA 51 and Montanide ISA 720, were developed using a highly purified mineral oil and a metabolizable squalene oil, respectively [3,4]. These adjuvants also show an unsatisfactory safety profile and have been mainly used in cancer vaccines [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other w/o emulsion adjuvants, Montanide ISA 51 and Montanide ISA 720, were developed using a highly purified mineral oil and a metabolizable squalene oil, respectively [3,4]. These adjuvants also show an unsatisfactory safety profile and have been mainly used in cancer vaccines [3,4]. Considering w/o emulsion adjuvants tend to persist at the local injection site and induce adverse reactions [2], o/w emulsion adjuvants were developed for faster local clearance and improved safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Regulation of DC Function, Adaptive Immunity, and MyD88 Dependence by Two Squalene Emulsion-Based Vaccine Adjuvants

Nakkala,

Li,

Akter

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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MF59 and AS03 are squalene emulsion-based vaccine adjuvants with similar compositions and droplet sizes. Despite their broad use in licensed influenza vaccines, few studies compared their adjuvant effects and action mechanisms side by side. Considering the majority of adjuvants act on dendritic cells (DCs) to achieve their adjuvant effects, this study compared MF59 and AS03-like adjuvants (AddaVax and AddaS03, respectively) to enhance antigen uptake, DC maturation, ovalbumin (OVA) and seasonal influenza vaccine-induced immune responses. Considering MF59 was reported to activate MyD88 to mediate its adjuvant effects, this study also investigated whether the above-explored adjuvant effects of AddaVax and AddaS03 depended on MyD88. We found AddaVax more potently enhanced antigen uptake at the local injection site, while AddaS03 more potently enhanced antigen uptake in the draining lymph nodes. AddaS03 but not AddaVax stimulated DC maturation. Adjuvant-enhanced antigen uptake was MyD88 independent, while AddaS03-induced DC maturation was MyD88 dependent. AddaVax and AddaS03 similarly enhanced OVA-induced IgG and subtype IgG1 antibody responses as well as influenza vaccine-induced hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, whileAddaS03 more potently enhanced OVA-specific IgG2c antibody responses. Both adjuvants depended on MyD88 to enhance vaccine-induced antibody responses, while AddaVax depended more on MyD88 to achieve its adjuvant effects. Our study reveals similarities and differences of the two squalene emulsion-based vaccine adjuvants, contributing to our improved understanding of their action mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Regulation of DC Function, Adaptive Immunity, and MyD88 Dependence by Two Squalene Emulsion-Based Vaccine Adjuvants

Nakkala,

Li,

Akter

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Hybrid response to SARS-CoV-2 and Neisseria meningitidis C after an OMV-adjuvanted immunization in mice and their offspring

Portilho,

Hermes Monteiro da Costa,

Grando Guereschi

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Topiramate inhibits adjuvant-induced chronic orofacial inflammatory allodynia in the rat

Mohos,

Harmat,

Kun

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Chronic orofacial pain disorders are common debilitating conditions, affecting the trigeminal system. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear and the therapy is often unsatisfactory, therefore, preclinical models are crucial to identify the key mediators and novel treatment options. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced orofacial inflammatory allodynia/hyperalgesia is commonly used in rodents, but it has not been validated with currently used drugs. Here we tested the effects of the adjuvant analgesic/antiepileptic voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker complex mechanism of action topiramate in comparison with the gold standard antimigraine serotonin 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist sumatriptan in this model. CFA was injected subcutaneously into the right whisker pad of male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g), then mechanonociceptive threshold values were investigated with von Frey filaments (3, 5, and 7 days after CFA injection). Effects of topiramate (30 mg/kg per os) and sumatriptan (1 mg/kg subcutaneous) on the adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory orofacial allodynia were investigated 60, 120, and 180 min after the treatments each day. To determine the optimal concentration for drug effect analysis, we tested the effects of two different CFA-concentrations (1 and 0.5 mg/mL) on mechanonociceptive thresholds. Both concentrations of CFA induced a chronic orofacial allodynia in 60% of all rats. Although, higher CFA concentration induced greater allodynia, much more stable threshold reduction was observed with the lower CFA concentration: on day 3 the thresholds decreased from 18.30 g to approximately 11 g (low) and 5 g (high), respectively, however a slight increase was observed in the case of higher CFA concentration (on days 5, 7, and 11). In all investigation days, topiramate showed significant anti-allodynic effect comparing the pre and post drug dose and comparing the vehicle treated to the drug treated groups. Sumatriptan also caused a significant threshold increase compared to pre dose thresholds (day 3) and also showed a slight anti-allodynic effect compared to the vehicle-treated group (day 3 and 5). In the present study CFA-induced chronic orofacial allodynia was reversed by topiramate in rats validating the model with the adjuvant analgesic. Other than establishing a validated orofacial pain-related syndrome model in rats, new ways are opened for the repurposing of topiramate.

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Research progress on emulsion vaccine adjuvants

Cited by 4 publications

References 111 publications

Differential Regulation of DC Function, Adaptive Immunity, and MyD88 Dependence by Two Squalene Emulsion-Based Vaccine Adjuvants

Differential Regulation of DC Function, Adaptive Immunity, and MyD88 Dependence by Two Squalene Emulsion-Based Vaccine Adjuvants

Hybrid response to SARS-CoV-2 and Neisseria meningitidis C after an OMV-adjuvanted immunization in mice and their offspring

Topiramate inhibits adjuvant-induced chronic orofacial inflammatory allodynia in the rat

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