Research Progress on Genetic Basis of Fruit Quality Traits in Apple (Malus × domestica)

Abstract

Identifying the genetic variation characteristics of phenotypic traits is important for fruit tree breeding. During the long-term evolution of fruit trees, gene recombination and natural mutation have resulted in a high degree of heterozygosity. Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) shows strong ecological adaptability and is widely cultivated, and is among the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. However, the high level of heterozygosity and large genome of apple, in combination with its perennial life history and long juvenile phase, complicate investigation of the genetic basis of fruit quality traits. With continuing augmentation in the apple genomic resources available, in recent years important progress has been achieved in research on the genetic variation of fruit quality traits. This review focuses on summarizing recent genetic studies on apple fruit quality traits, including appearance, flavor, nutritional, ripening, and storage qualities. In addition, we discuss the mapping of quantitative trait loci, screening of molecular markers, and mining of major genes associated with fruit quality traits. The overall aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of genetic variation and molecular breeding of important fruit quality traits in apple.

Analyzing the Quality Parameters of Apples by Spectroscopy from Vis/NIR to NIR Region: A Comprehensive Review

“…Several factors can impact the internal quality of an apple, including genetics, environmental factors, and post-harvest handling practices [65][66][67]. Genetics plays a critical role in determining the natural sugar and acid content of the apple, as well as its texture and aroma.…”

Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

“…Apples are one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world's temperate regions. Their cultivation is very popular, especially due to their high economic value and the nutritional value of the fruits [1,2]. The annual global production of apples is about 78.4 million tons.…”

Study of the Characteristics of Mountain Apples Resisting Carbon Dioxide Damage Based on Water–Nitrogen Coupling

“…The Loess Plateau, which is among the optimal apple-production area in China, has the advantage of that large thermal amplitude between day and night, enough sunshine duration, and appropriate temperature conditions. Apples are rich in nutrients and bioactives including polyphenols, vitamins, fiber, and mineral elements, which makes it one of the most sought-after fruits globally. , However, in our country, more than 5% of apples decay due to farmers’ use of inappropriate storage methods every year.…”

“…Apples are rich in nutrients and bioactives including polyphenols, vitamins, fiber, and mineral elements, which makes it one of the most sought-after fruits globally. 2,3 However, in our country, more than 5% of apples decay due to farmers' use of inappropriate storage methods every year.…”