Research progress on modification of phenolic resin

Tang, Kaihong; Zhang, Ailing; Ge, Tiejun; Liu, Xiaofeng; Tang, Xiaojun; Li, Yongjiang

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101879

Cited by 62 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…36 Other amines were proposed such as aniline, which improves heat and wear resistance but is highly toxic. 37 Amino acids (e.g., glycine, lysine, proline, and cysteine) can also be used or sulfite salts, which are beneficial for heat resistance. 38 Unfortunately, as most of the additives proposed in the literature are not intended for high-temperature applications, few data are available on thermal performance.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Versatile Method To Reduce the Free Formaldehyde Content in Phenolic Resins for High-Temperature Applications

Chaussoy

Brandt

Gerard

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Discovered by Baekeland a century ago, phenolic resins are still widely used today with a global production of about 12 million tons/year. Typically, these resins contain residual free formaldehyde, which is highly toxic and carcinogenic and will soon be banned by the European REACh regulation. Consequently, phenolic resins must be substituted. These resins are extensively used as a char precursor for composite-based thermal protection systems. Commonly, urea is a widely used formaldehyde scavenger and can be added to phenolic resins to decrease their free formaldehyde content, but urea is not suitable for high-temperature applications. Thus, an easy-to-implement method was developed with an aminophenol, giving access to a noncarcinogenic resin while maintaining the thermomechanical properties. The chemistry and the reaction mechanism of aminophenols with formaldehyde were also studied. The interest of this additive is multiple: it allows trapping of formaldehyde, to comply with the European REACh regulation (wt % free formaldehyde <0.1%), while the modifying agent is integrated into the polymer network, maintaining the thermostability (Td5% = 395 °C and char yield = 63%). This method is also applicable on an industrial scale. In addition, this method uses mild reaction conditions and limits volatile organic compound emissions by trapping free formaldehyde, which are two ways to improve durability and reduce toxicity of the resin.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, urea is undoubtedly the most commonly used and economical amine . Other amines were proposed such as aniline, which improves heat and wear resistance but is highly toxic . Amino acids (e.g., glycine, lysine, proline, and cysteine) can also be used or sulfite salts, which are beneficial for heat resistance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Method To Reduce the Free Formaldehyde Content in Phenolic Resins for High-Temperature Applications

Chaussoy

Brandt

Gerard

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Phenolic compounds are of great importance in many industrial processes, for example, phenol is an indispensable organic chemical raw material for the synthesis of diphenyl propane, 1 4-amino-2-fluorophenol, 2 anisole, 3 picric acid, 4 and bakelite (phenolic resin). 5 Due to the lack of efficient recovery technology for phenol and its derivatives, they are usually found in the wastewater produced by many chemical plants, which is currently one of the most concerning environmental issues. 6 Phenol is a highly toxic substance and not easily biodegraded at high concentrations (>200 mg/L).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of PEBA/HZIF-8 Pervaporation Membranes for High Efficiency Phenol Recovery

et al. 2022

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Phenol and its chemical derivatives serve as essential chemical materials are indispensable for the synthesis of many kinds of polymers. However, they are highly toxic, carcinogenic, difficult to be degraded biologically, and often found in aqueous effluents. Recovery of hazardous phenol from wastewater remains a daunting challenge. Herein, we prepared a hybrid membrane containing polyether block amide (PEBA) matrix and HZIF-8 fillers. To improve the compatibility between ZIF-8 and PEBA, ZIF-8 was modified by using polystyrene (PS) as a template to prepare porous HZIF-8. ZIF-8, composed of zinc nodes linked by the imidazole ring skeleton, is a kind of inorganic material with high hydrothermal stability, ordered pores, and hydrophobic microporous surfaces, which has a wide range of applications in membrane separation. The separation performance of the PEBA/HZIF-8 based membranes for phenol/water is improved due to the presence of PS on the surface of HZIF-8 and the imidazole ring skeleton in ZIF-8, which enhance the π–π interaction between HZIF-8 and phenol molecules. The effects of HZIF-8 content, feed phenol concentration, and feed temperature on the pervaporation performance of PEBA/HZIF-8 membranes were further investigated. The results showed that the pervaporation performance of the PEBA/HZIF-8-10 membrane was promising with a separation factor of 80.89 and permeate flux of 247.70 g/m 2 ·h under the feed phenol concentration of 0.2 wt % at 80 °C. In addition, the PEBA/HZIF-8-10 membrane presented excellent stability, which has great prospect for practical application in phenol recovery from waste water.

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“…Polymer materials include thermoplastics and thermosetting materials [4]. Among the thermosetting materials, thermosetting phenolic resin, which is commonly used in electrical products, easily absorbs water and has a good insulation performance [9,10]. Phenolic epoxy resin has strong adhesion, is cured in low-temperature and low-pressure environments, and is commonly used as an adhesive [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study on Uniaxial Compression Failure of Concrete Confined by Nylon Ties

et al. 2022

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The developments in the cisvil engineering fields have led to an increased demand for structural reinforcements. Therefore, designing an effective, green, convenient, and low-cost reinforcement method is considerably important. Nylon ties have high strength and good heat resistance, and they can retain good tensile properties after high-temperature cooling. Further, they are inexpensive and can be recycled. Thus, they are considered suitable for structural reinforcement engineering. In this study, the core concrete was reinforced by the active confinement of prestressed nylon ties. A uniaxial compression test was performed to evaluate the reinforcement effect of the preload generated by the high-temperature cooling of the tie rod on the core concrete. The results show that nylon ties can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the core concrete. Combined with numerical simulation technology, a damage model of a confined concrete column (CC) was established, and the damage evolution law of CC under uniaxial axial compression was analyzed. Combined with numerical simulation and experimental research, the effectiveness of nylon tie reinforced concrete and the reliability of the damage model were verified, providing a reference for research on engineering reinforcement.

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Research progress on modification of phenolic resin

Cited by 62 publications

References 205 publications

Versatile Method To Reduce the Free Formaldehyde Content in Phenolic Resins for High-Temperature Applications

Versatile Method To Reduce the Free Formaldehyde Content in Phenolic Resins for High-Temperature Applications

Fabrication of PEBA/HZIF-8 Pervaporation Membranes for High Efficiency Phenol Recovery

Experimental and Numerical Study on Uniaxial Compression Failure of Concrete Confined by Nylon Ties

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