Research Progress on Natural Products Alleviating Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis via NF‐κB Pathway

Abstract

Liver fibrosis is a key pathological process in chronic liver diseases, regulated by various cytokines and signaling pathways. Among these, the NF‐κB signaling pathway plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. Recently, natural products have garnered attention as potential anti‐fibrotic agents. This review highlights recent studies on how natural products, including flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, phenols, alkaloids, quinones, phenylpropanoids, steroids, and nitrogen compounds, mitigate liver fibrosis by modulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Specifically, it examines how these natural products influence NF‐κB activation, nuclear translocation, and downstream signaling, thereby inhibiting inflammatory responses, reducing apoptosis, and regulating hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activity, ultimately achieving therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which natural products regulate the NF‐κB signaling pathway can provide crucial theoretical foundations and valuable insights for the development of novel anti‐fibrotic drugs.