Research Progress on the Mechanism and Preventive Measures of Diabetes Induced Peri-implantitis

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be an associated risk factor for peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis has become the leading cause of implant failure. Objective: To ensure the postoperative efficacy of diabetic patients and avoid the occurrence of peri-implantitis, research progress on the mechanism and preventive measures of diabetes induced peri-implantitis were elaborated. Methods: With "diabetes mellitus or diabetes or DM, peri-implantitis, implant, osseointegration" as the search terms, related articles published during 2013-2021 in PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect and other databases were searched. Results: The changes in the type and proportion of bacteria around implants in diabetic patients break the balance between bacteria and host defense system. Diabetic patients with insulin resistance and persistent hyperglycemia inhibit osteoblast differentiation, induce osteoclast activation and make adverse effects on osseointegration. The immune inflammatory state and local microvascular lesions of the body slow down postoperative tissue healing and induce peri-implantitis. According to the relevant mechanisms, many experiments have achieved good results in reducing the incidence of peri-implantitis in patients with diabetes through plaque control, blood glucose management and implant interface improvement. Conclusion: Diabetic patients have a higher risk of peri-implantitis, so implant patients with diabetes mellitus should undertake related prevention and treatment to reduce the risk of peri-implantitis.