“…Intelligent software agents have been widely used in distributed artificial intelligence and due to their autonomous, self-interested, rational abilities [11,12,13,14,15,16], and social abilities [17,18,19,20], agents are well-suited for automated negotiation on behalf of humans [10]. According to Kexing [10], automated negotiation is a system that applies artificial intelligence and information and communication technology to negotiation strategies, utilizing agents and decision theories.…”