Residents' perceptions research on the social impacts of tourism

Community Perceptions toward Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local Communities

“…It is generally felt that community perceptions toward tourism impacts are likely to be an important planning and policy consideration for successful tourism development (Ap, 1992). Numerous studies on community residents' perceptions of tourism impacts have been conducted (Andereck et al, 2005;Ap, 1990Ap, , 1992Ap & Crompton, 1993;Brown & Giles, 1994;Choi & Sirakaya, 2005;Johnson et al, 1994;Liu et al, 1987;Liu & Var1986;Pizam, 1978;Ritchie, 1993;Robson & Robson, 1996;Ryan & Montgomery, 1994;Seid, 1994;Sheldon & Abenoja, 2001;Sheldon & Var, 1984;Sirakaya et al, 2001;Teye et al, 2002;Upchurch & Teivane, 2000). All these studies are performed by Western researchers.…”

Making Waves: Examining the Interface Between Cruise Tourism and Destination Community in Akaroa, New Zealand

“…They also propose that social impact research aims to provide a deeper understanding of why some impacts are more important to residents than others. This follows Ap's (1992) earlier work using a social exchange process model as a theoretical framework to better understand how tourism impacts are perceived. As Ap (1992) noted, this model can "accommodate explanation of both positive and negative perceptions, and can examine relationships at the individual or collective level" (p. 667).…”

“…The final balance sheet appears in favor of cruise tourism. The equity of benefits was of concern, however, and was another issue that divided the community, reiterating the importance of community type (Butler, 1974), and of understanding impacts at the community level (Ap, 1992). In Akaroa, the outer bays sample benefited most directly (through their employment in tourism), but were also impacted significantly (via traffic problems); the lives of those in the resident sample were enhanced by tourism (both materially and socially), but they were impacted by crowding recognition that cruise tourism raised Akaroa's profile as a tourism destination and that there was potential for these visitors to return (especially given many cruise ship passengers were Australian).…”

“…Thus, if benefits of tourism activity outweigh costs, perceptions may change to a more positive disposition, despite initial opposition. Importantly, Ap (1992) proposed that community "type" affects which social impact variables are significant in respect of destination management.…”

“…This follows Ap's (1992) earlier work using a social exchange process model as a theoretical framework to better understand how tourism impacts are perceived. As Ap (1992) noted, this model can "accommodate explanation of both positive and negative perceptions, and can examine relationships at the individual or collective level" (p. 667). The goal is to achieve outcomes that obtain the best balance of benefits and costs for both residents and tourism actors.…”