Residual disease in lymph nodes has no influence on survival in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer – institution experience with literature review

Đokić, Mihajlo; Stupan, Urban; Ličen, Sabina; Trotovšek, Blaž

doi:10.2478/raon-2021-0048

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our study, it was found to be 2.6:1. The mean age was 66.4 years, similar to the literature [10]. Age >65 years was found to have a significant effect on mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A Retrospective Analysis of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer on Post-cholecystectomy Pathological Review

Guner,

Kaya

2023

Cureus

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Background Gallbladder cancer is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis despite all the advances in treatment options and is mostly detected incidentally. In the current literature, re-excision is performed on patients with stage T1b and above, but high mortality rates are still observed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reasons affecting the prognosis of incidental gallbladder cancer. Methodology Data from 33 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patient age, sex, preoperative radiologic findings, surgical procedures, margin status, postoperative results with histologic diagnosis, T stage, complications, and mortality were evaluated. Results Of the 33 patients included in the study, 24 (72.7%) were female, nine (27.3%) were male, and the mean age was 66.4 ± 13.4 years. Seventeen (51.5%) patients in our study were aged over 65 years. Age over 65 years was found to have a significant effect on mortality (p = 0.018). In the preoperative ultrasound imaging, 27 (81.8%) patients had gallstones, two (6.1%) patients had gallbladder polyps, 31 (93.9%) had focal or diffuse thickness increases in the gallbladder wall, and nine (27.3%) patients had pericholecystic fluid. The presence of pericholecystic fluid (p = 0.039) and wall thickness (p = 0.006) were found to be associated with mortality. There was perineural invasion and lymphovascular in 17 patients each. Both perineural invasion (p = 0.016) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.007) were associated with mortality. Tumor grade was also associated with mortality (p = 0.001). When the prognosis of the patients was evaluated according to the T stage, the increase in the T stage negatively affected the prognosis (p < 0.001). Overall survival was a median of 17 months (95% confidence interval = 10.6-23.3). Conclusions Incidental gallbladder cancer is detected on routine histologic examination of gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy. Most patients may require re-excision, but the prognosis is still poor in patients who have undergone re-excision. Age >65 years, pericholecystic fluid, T stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion had a significant effect on mortality, the presence of which should trigger the option of re-excision to be examined more carefully.

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“…In our study, it was found to be 2.6:1. The mean age was 66.4 years, similar to the literature [10]. Age >65 years was found to have a significant effect on mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A Retrospective Analysis of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer on Post-cholecystectomy Pathological Review

Guner,

Kaya

2023

Cureus

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“…In recent years, the prognosis of metastatic patients has changed significantly, with longer median PFS and median OS, mainly due to the availability of systemic treatment, both adjuvant and, in particular, systemic treatment of metastatic disease with targeted drugs. 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 Specific serum biochemical tumor biomarkers are still lacking for the early detection of BTCs, and it is also difficult to distinguish them from metastatic diseases of other cancers. 3 , 4 Therefore, extensive efforts are underway to identify more precise biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment response, and prognosis of BTCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first treatment is surgery of the primary tumor, detected at an early stage in selected patients, and is the only potentially curative treatment, if radically resected (R0) without residual disease. 3 , 4 , 6 Five-year survival ranges depend on the stage of the disease and are from 9% to 25%, 10% to 15% and 15% to 35% for ICC, ECC and gallbladder carcinoma, respectively. 3 Over the last 10 years, the prognosis of patients has changed significantly, mainly due to the availability of systemic treatment, both adjuvant and, in particular, systemic treatment of metastatic disease with targeted drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of copper and other trace elements in serum samples from patients with biliary tract cancers: prospective noninterventional nonrandomized clinical study protocol

Rebersek,

Hribernik,

Markovic

et al. 2024

Radiology and Oncology

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Background Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the disease is incurable. Currently used tumor biomarkers have limited diagnostic value for BTCs, so there is an urgent need for sensitive and specific biomarkers for their earlier diagnosis. Deregulation of the homeostasis of trace elements is involved in the carcinogenesis of different cancers, including BTCs. The objective of the study is to determine/compare the total concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) and the proportions of free Cu and Cu bound to ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the isotopic ratio of 65Cu/63Cu in serum samples from healthy volunteers and cancer patients using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry-based methods (ICP-MS). Patients and methods In this prospective, noninterventional, nonrandomized study 20 patients and 20 healthy volunteers will be enrolled to identify serum Cu, Zn and Fe levels, Cu isotopic fractionation as a predictive biomarker of response to systemic therapy of BTCs, which will be evaluated by computed tomography. Newly developed analytical methods based on ICP-MS will be applied to metal-based biomarker research in oncology. Conclusions In the study the comparison of the total concentration of selected trace elements, the proportion of free Cu and Cu bound to Cp and the isotopic ratio of 65Cu/63Cu in serum samples from healthy volunteers and cancer patients will be conducted to provide the foundation for the development of a BTC cancer screening methodology and the data on their usability as a potential predictive biomarker for BTCs of response to systemic therapy.

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“…TME exhibits survival signals as well as pro-angiogenic factors, both of which are required for tumor development and metastasis. Biomarkers mediate interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment, resulting in breakthroughs in the early diagnosis or prevention of metastasis [29,30]. Gallbladder cancer progresses through three stages: metaplasia of normal epithelium or less hyperplasia, dysplasia or intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive malignancy in around 15 years [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Cytopathological/ Histopathological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Markers in GallBladder Lesions and their Clinico-Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance - An Overview

Agarwal¹,

AlRawaili²,

AlZalbani³

et al. 2023

Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci

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Gallbladder benign diseases are common and usually cured without further consequences. Some benign illnesses increase the chance of cancer development significantly, whereas others resemble malignant disorders. The biomarkers discussed thus far are among the most extensively researched concerning the different diseases of GBC. Patients with gallbladder cancer are usually diagnosed in later stages when conventional treatments are ineffective. The lack of responsiveness of advanced instances of GBC to existing therapies necessitates the identification of novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches. Novel prognostic biomarkers may provide a crucial breakthrough in this area. Despite the available data and years of research, a prognostic marker that is 100% specific and sensitive to GBC is not yet available. A diverse number of molecular markers have been studied for their potential to be prognostic markers in GBC. p53 and HER2 have been studied very extensively and have shown promise. The deregulation and accumulation of the molecular markers we have discussed so far impact carcinogenesis of the gall bladder. Further analytical studies on the concentration levels of these markers in normal vs precancerous vs cancerous tissues should be carried out. Highly specific prognostic markers can help individualize treatment options to bring down the mortality rate in GBC.

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Residual disease in lymph nodes has no influence on survival in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer – institution experience with literature review

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

A Retrospective Analysis of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer on Post-cholecystectomy Pathological Review

A Retrospective Analysis of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer on Post-cholecystectomy Pathological Review

Determination of copper and other trace elements in serum samples from patients with biliary tract cancers: prospective noninterventional nonrandomized clinical study protocol

Immune-Markers in GallBladder Lesions and their Clinico-Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance - An Overview

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