Resilience as a Mediator Between Interpersonal Risk Factors and Hopelessness in Depression

Abstract

Several studies investigated the role of resilience as a mediating factor for psychopathological phenotypes. The aim of the current study is to explore the putative role of resilience as a mediator between different vulnerability factors and depressive symptoms. One hundred and fifty patients with a major depressive disorder diagnosis have been evaluated on the basis of humiliation (Humiliation Inventory), adverse past family experiences (Risky Family Questionnaire), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and resilience (Resilience Scale for Adult) scores. A multiple regression analysis and a bootstrapping method were carried out to assess the hypothesis that resilience could mediate the relationships between these risk factors as predictors and hopelessness as a dependent variable. Our results show that resilience has a mediating role in the relationship between several risk factors that are specifically involved in interpersonal functioning and hopelessness. The main limitations of the study are the cross-sectional nature of the study, the use of self-report instruments, the lack of personality assessment, and the consideration of the resilience as a unique construct. The understanding of the mechanisms through which resilience mediates the effects of different interpersonal risk factors is crucial in the study of depression. In fact, future prevention-oriented studies can also be carried out considering the mediating role of resilience between interpersonal risk factors and depressive symptoms.

Combined Effects of Parenting in Childhood and Resilience on Work Stress in Nonclinical Adult Workers From the Community

“…A previous systematic review showed that amenable resilience-enhancing factors moderate and/or mediate the association between childhood adversity and mental health in young people (16). In addition, resilience mediates the association between interpersonal risk factors (i.e., stressors) and hopelessness (13). In other aspects, resilience is reportedly a moderator between trauma and PTSD symptoms, and between stressful life events and sleep quality (52,53).…”

“…Resilience has the following characteristics: quantifiable, affected by health status, modifiable, and improved with treatment (12). Resilience mediates hopelessness in depression (13), and is reported to reduce psychopathology and enhances well-being in postpartum women and corporate executives (14,15). Childhood adversity (16) and parenting styles, such as care, overprotection, or abuse in childhood influence resilience.…”

Prevalence of Poor Sleep Quality Among Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…However, this high prevalence of poor sleep quality among our participant physicians was inconsistent with the results of Zhou et al in 2020, which was a multicenter, cross-sectional survey conducted in Liaoning province, China that recruited 1,931 frontline health professionals. The results showed that the prevalence of poor sleep quality was relatively low at 18.4% among frontline health professionals during the COVID-19 epidemic [ 16 ]. The discrepancy in the prevalence of sleep quality in health professionals across several studies could be partly explained by different population characteristics and the assessment tools used.…”

Using Psychedelics With Therapeutic Intent Is Associated With Lower Shame and Complex Trauma Symptoms in Adults With Histories of Child Maltreatment

“… 52 – 56 Psychological insight, an important mechanism of change in psychotherapy, has also been shown to mediate positive outcomes associated with psychedelic use in clinical and naturalistic settings. 57 – 62 Adaptive alterations and updates to dysfunctional self-schemata, therefore, may be a salient psychological mechanism underlying the curative effects of psychedelic use in people with histories of CM.…”

“…Though most research on the use of psychedelics to treat mental disorders has been conducted in controlled, clinical settings, preliminary survey-based research suggests the therapeutic benefit of naturalistic psychedelic use as well. 60 , 61 , 69 Multiple studies have shown that the explicit intentions and expectations that the user assigns to the experience beforehand critically affect both the experience itself and its outcomes. 70 – 73 Using psychedelics with the deliberate intention of deriving therapeutic benefit and reduction of symptoms associated with psychopathology, therefore, may be as important as the formal setting in which the use occurs (i.e., naturalistic or clinical).…”