“…were significantly associated with less internalizing problems among adolescence such as adolescent depression (Catalano et al, 2002;Reivich et al, 2013;Shek and Sun, 2013;Leung and Shek, 2015;Leung et al, 2017). Additionally, favorable family functioning (e.g., frequent communication, family harmony, a good parent-child relationship) can promote PYD features such as resilience, selfefficacy, socioemotional competence, and prosocial behaviors in adolescents (Renzaho et al, 2013;Cigala et al, 2014;Reitz et al, 2014;Yee and Sulaiman, 2017), which may further predict the lower likelihood of internalizing problems (e.g., depression; Reivich et al, 2013;Wang and Saudino, 2015;Rocchino et al, 2017;Yee and Sulaiman, 2017). Based on the development assets framework and previous studies, PYD is expected to act as an important factor that mediates the relationships between family functioning and internalizing problems (Hypothesis 1).…”