Resilience of temporal processing to early and extended visual deprivation

Ye, Jie; Gupta, Priti; Shah, Pragya; Tiwari, Kashish; Gandhi, Tapan Kumar; Ganesh, Suma; Phillips, Flip; Levi, Dennis M.; Thorn, Frank; Diamond, Sidney; Bex, Peter J.; Sinha, Pawan

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.004

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While, past work suggested that in macaque monkeys, 2 cpd was still mainly modulated by parvocellular pathway ( Merigan et al, 1991 ). In our previous study, we already found that the congenital cataract children with serious impaired spatial visual function but not temporal visual function were with peak sensitivity at around and even less than 0.5 cpd after surgery ( Ye et al, 2021 ). Hence, the range of the spatial frequencies we measured in the current study might still be mainly subserved by the parvocellular pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of Temporal Visual Flicker on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity in Myopia

Sinha

Hou

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

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PurposeTo investigate whether short-term exposure to high temporal frequency full-field flicker has an impact on spatial visual acuity in individuals with varying degrees of myopia.MethodsThirty subjects (evenly divided between control and experimental groups) underwent a 5-min exposure to full-field flicker. The flicker rate was lower than critical flicker frequency (CFF) for the experimental group (12.5 Hz) and significantly higher than CFF for the controls (60 Hz). Spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was measured before and immediately after flicker exposure. We examined whether the post flicker CSF parameters were different from the pre-exposure CSF values in either of the subject groups. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the amount of CSF change from pre to post timepoints and the degree of subjects’ myopia. The CSF parameters included peak frequency, peak sensitivity, bandwidth, truncation, and area under log CSF (AULCSF).ResultsThere was no significant difference of all five pre-exposure CSF parameters between the two groups at baseline (P = 0.333 ∼ 0.424). Experimental group subjects exhibited significant (P < 0.005) increases in peak sensitivity and AULCSF, when comparing post-exposure results to pre-exposure ones. Controls showed no such enhancements. Furthermore, the extent of these changes in the experimental group was correlated significantly with the participants’ refractive error (P = 0.005 and 0.018, respectively).ConclusionOur data suggest that exposure to perceivable high-frequency flicker (but, not to supra-CFF frequencies) enhances important aspects of spatial contrast sensitivity, and these enhancements are correlated to the degree of myopia. This finding has implications for potential interventions for cases of modest myopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of Temporal Visual Flicker on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity in Myopia

Sinha

Hou

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Performance of sight recovery participants was specifically compared to a reference group for over half of the visual skills discussed. For this subset, assessed visual skills were more diverse; we found a relatively equal exploration of: 1) "Primary" [including spatial (Kalia et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2021) and temporal (Ye et al, 2021) contrast sensitivity, color perception (McKyton et al, 2015;Pitchaimuthu et al, 2019) and eye movements (Zerr et al, 2020)]; 2) "Recognition" [including understanding of shapes and objects, both 2D (Mochizuki, 1976;Ostrovsky et al, 2006;McKyton et al, 2015) and 3D, (Mochizuki, 1976) with various degrading influences including subjective contours (Mochizuki, 1976;Torii and Mochizuki, 1995) as well as temporal shape recognition (Orlov et al, 2021)];…”

Section: Question : How Are Visual Abilities Measured and Categorized?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies demonstrated dramatic improvements in visual abilities before to after ocular treatment (Gandhi et al, 2014(Gandhi et al, , 2017Andres et al, 2017;Kalia et al, 2017;Ye et al, 2021), as well as further improvements within the first few months of recovery (Cheselden, 1728;Sasaki, 1984;Ostrovsky et al, 2009;Gandhi et al, 2014Gandhi et al, , 2015Gandhi et al, , 2017Kalia et al, 2014;McKyton et al, 2015McKyton et al, , 2018Chen et al, 2016;Andres et al, 2017;Sinha et al, 2020;Ye et al, 2021) and ensuing years (Mochizuki, 1976(Mochizuki, , 1977(Mochizuki, , 1979(Mochizuki, , 1997Sasaki, 1984;Sasaki et al, 1994;Torii and Mochizuki, FIGURE Visual abilities overview. The (left) column breaks down visual skills discussed across the review.…”

Section: Question : How Are Visual Abilities Measured and Categorized?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of visual skills were reported as challenging. There are well-documented deficits in spatial contrast sensitivity (Kalia et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2021) (reduced at low and high spatial frequencies, and therefore impacting cut-off frequencies, in line with reduced VA). To a lesser extent, temporal contrast sensitivity is also appears different from controls (cutoff frequencies appear intact, but detection of low temporal frequencies remains compromised, Ye et al, 2021).…”

Section: Question : How Are Visual Abilities Measured and Categorized?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning to see after early and extended blindness: A scoping review

May

Arach²,

Kishiki³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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PurposeIf an individual has been blind since birth due to a treatable eye condition, ocular treatment is urgent. Even a brief period of visual deprivation can alter the development of the visual system. The goal of our structured scoping review was to understand how we might better support children with delayed access to ocular treatment for blinding conditions.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for peer-reviewed publications that described the impact of early (within the first year) and extended (lasting at least 2 years) bilateral visual deprivation.ResultsOf 551 reports independently screened by two authors, 42 studies met our inclusion criteria. Synthesizing extracted data revealed several trends. The data suggests persistent deficits in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, global motion, and visual-motor integration, and suspected concerns for understanding complex objects and faces. There is evidence for resilience in color perception, understanding of simple shapes, discriminating between a face and non-face, and the perception of biological motion. There is currently insufficient data about specific (re)habilitation strategies to update low vision services, but there are several insights to guide future research in this domain.ConclusionThis summary will help guide the research and services provision to help children learn to see after early and extended blindness.

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“…When typical sensory experience is absent or delayed, certain aspects of brain development proceed anyway, while other aspects are delayed. This is true both in primary sensory systems [2, 3, 4, 5], and for more cognitive behaviors such as social interaction and language [6, 7, 8]. Brain circuits acquire structure and organization even in the absence of typical training inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organization of songbird neural sequences during social isolation

Mackevicius

Denisenko

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Behaviors emerge via a combination of experience and innate predispositions. As the brain matures, it undergoes major changes in cellular, network and functional properties that can be due to sensory experience as well as developmental processes. In normal birdsong learning, neural sequences emerge to control song syllables learned from a tutor. Here, we disambiguate the role of experience and development in neural sequence formation by delaying exposure to a tutor. Using functional calcium imaging, we observe neural sequences in the absence of tutoring, demonstrating that experience is not necessary for the formation of sequences. However, after exposure to a tutor, pre-existing sequences can become tightly associated with new song syllables. Since we delayed tutoring, only half our birds learned new syllables following tutor exposure. The birds that failed to learn were the birds in which pre-tutoring neural sequences were most 'crystallized', that is, already tightly associated with their (untutored) song.

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Resilience of temporal processing to early and extended visual deprivation

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Impact of Temporal Visual Flicker on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity in Myopia

Impact of Temporal Visual Flicker on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity in Myopia

Learning to see after early and extended blindness: A scoping review

Self-organization of songbird neural sequences during social isolation

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