“…Such systems are used to prevent road traffic accidents and collision and provide assistance to drivers on the road [3], [4], [24], [29], [33], [34], [58], [71], [74], [81], [85], [89], [124], [127], [131]. V2V communication systems allow vehicles to share state information with one another to improve safety, comfort and efficiency of transportation networks [8], [12], [15], [18], [20], [28], [54], [59], [76], [87], [112]; provide safety-oriented applications for vehicle and pedestrian on tablets and smartphones [2], [35] and IoV [109]; and provide safety assurance strategies for resolving intervehicle conflicts at unsignalised intersections [93], [115] and road intersections [99]. A shockwave system has significant influence on freeway capacity and safety.…”