Resilient Scheduling of Networked Microgrids Against Real-Time Failures

Abstract

Integrating microgrids within distribution systems can significantly improve the power system's reliability while reducing operating costs. However, due to the unintentional disaster conditions, sometimes distribution systems and microgrids cannot support each other, and the microgrids are forced to work in the islanded mode. Accordingly, we developed an optimal resilient scheduling scheme that guarantees networked microgrids (NMGs) reliable operation in the normal and islanding modes. To achieve this aim, the problem is decomposed into day-ahead normal operation (grid-connected) and real-time islanded examination by benders decomposition algorithm perspective. The specified scheme of NMGs in the normal operation will be scrutinized in the real-time islanded mode. According to the benders decomposition theory, the scheduling of NMGs would be revised in the next iteration if the current schedule is not feasible for possible real-time islanding conditions. The status of thermal units, charging, and discharging of energy storage systems respecting their other constraints are changed depending on the type and severity of mismatches between generation and demand. Three different interconnection topologies are tested for assessing the performance of the proposed method and the impact of transaction energy between NMGs on that. Numerical simulations illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme and explain its merits.

Interconnected Smart Transactive Microgrids—A Survey on Trading, Energy Management Systems, and Optimisation Approaches

“…Consequently, an ISTMG is able to use this mode to receive electricity from the grid in the event that there is a high demand for electricity or when there is insufficient capacity for the generation of electricity locally. In addition, if an ISTMG generates more electricity than is required by constituent MGs, it can transmit the excess electricity back into the larger grid, which will improve the grid's overall stability [42].…”

“…This mode is activated whenever the primary grid is rendered inoperable, such as in the event of a power outage or a natural disaster, as well as in distant areas where it is impossible to connect to the grid. When operating in such an island mode, an ISTMG will rely only on its internal energy resources situated within each MG and its respective energy storage systems to provide all of the connected loads with the necessary amount of electricity being demanded [42,43].…”

Application of Real-Time Distribution Grid Monitoring for Grid Forecasting and Control Considering Incomplete Information of Resources Behind-the-Meter

“…An efficient energy management for a small-scale hybrid energy system is presented in [24]. Due to increasing events and outages in active distribution system, real-time resilient operating schemes are discussed in [25], which provides robust schedules for interconnected communities. In [26], a real-time power management system for a microgrid is designed which addresses the flexibility in grid topology.…”