Resistance exercise and bone turnover in elderly men and women

Abstract

These data indicate high-intensity REX training was successful for improving BMD of the femoral neck in healthy elderly subjects. Also, these data suggest REX increased bone turnover, which over time may lead to further changes in BMD.

Effects of a 20-week high-intensity strength and sprint training program on tibial bone structure and strength in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes: a randomized controlled trial

“…As in some previous studies [15,[37][38][39][40]] the lack of training-induced improvements in BMD could be attributable to normal or high pretraining BMD values. Another possible reason for the unchanged BMD in this study is the short duration of the intervention (20 weeks).…”

Efeitos da atividade física na densidade mineral óssea e na remodelação do tecido ósseo

“…In relation to the strength training, Pruitt et al (13) suggest that it is required that the muscular contraction responsible by the bone deformation surpass a given threshold, in order to stimulate the tissue remodeling. In fact, the BMD seems to respond to a higher training intensity both in human (3) and in animal models (27) . Related to the bone remodeling, according to Andreoli et al (15) , in the strength induction, the deformation that occurs in the structures involved can lead to an optimum formation level and to an inhibition in the reabsorption that occurs within the normal remodeling cycle.…”

“…Among the bone reabsorption markers, it is the free deoxypyridolin (expressed due to the urinary creatinine) (7) , the circulating levels of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (18) , the hydroxyproline (expressed due to the urinary creatinine) (13) , the telopeptide of the Type I collagen cross-linking of the amino terminal (NTx) (1) , or the urinary carboxy (CTx) (2) , among other cross-linking of the circulating pyridinoline (3) , and all these substances are by-products of the bone collagen turnover.…”

“…This process occurs along the lifetime within a four to six months period (2) . The maintenance of the BMD is very important to prevent the osteoporosis, which is characterized by an accentuated decrease in the BMD (3) , in which the bone matrix and minerals are lost due to an excessive bone reabsorption that is related to its formation (4) . This process is normally associated to the aging process and is an occurrence derived from the menopause (5) that leads to a higher incidence for fractures (6) .…”

“…The possible variation in these concentrations might indicate an anabolism status or a bone catabolism (3) . Although the majority of studies emphasize the effect of the type of the physical exercise on the BMD, other factors seem to interfere in that variable as well, such as the muscular strength (25) and the body composition (6,19,26) .…”