Resistance, Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration Profiles of Oral Bacteria from HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Ezeonwumelu, Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu; Ntale, Muhammad; Kasozi, Keneth Iceland; Ogbonnia, Steve; Tanayen, Julius Kihdze; Agwu, Ezera; Okonkwo, C. O.; Akunne, Ambrose Amamchukwu; Byarugaba, Frederick

doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2016/28491

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The use of commercially available antimicrobial agents in the market would probably influence policy change for the enactment of up-to-date drugs' laws in Uganda. This study has also provided further value and understanding of antibacterial resistance in the context of associated contributory factors in HIV/AIDS patients in Uganda shedding more light on the reason for the previous study [7]. This has further validated the findings in the previous study [7], that resistance of opportunistic infective agents against publicly availed drugs in Uganda is a major public health threat [6,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…antibacterial agents is a real threat facing the medical profession and this patient population in the region [7], however, no information is available to date on the status of the efficacy of the available drugs in the market. This is important since great variations may exist between studies using antibacterial discs and the commercially available antibacterial agents needing effective regulation and monitoring by drug regulatory bodies.…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the limited number of drugs within the Ugandan market has been faced with a major limitation on pharmacovigilance as a result of limited national funding, limited trained human resource in the ministry, and poor coordination of national activities [10]. These weaknesses have subsequently created an open window for exploitation by the drug shops and pharmaceutical industries, which has been a major contributory factor to the development of drug resistance in Uganda [2,7].…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drug resistance to common antibacterial agents amongst HIV/AIDS patients of Uganda has been reported [6,7], however, information on the level of efficacy and resistance against commercially available antibacterials in the Ugandan market is still limited to date. This is because majority of the studies have been done in the laboratory with antibacterial discs and not antibacterials practically present in the market.…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Ezeonwumelu¹,

Ntale²,

Ogbonnia³

et al. 2017

BJPR

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Methodology: Bacterial isolates were tested against commercial antibacterial agents in Uganda. Drug shops, pharmacies and hospitals were purposively and conveniently sampled. Drugs commonly used for the management of opportunistic infections amongst HIV/AIDS patients were purchased and used in the laboratory for susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using standard protocols. Results: All the bacterial isolates showed mean total resistance above 60% against erythromycin [85 isolates (69.7%)] and cotrimoxazole [79 isolates, (64.8%)]; with injectable gentamicin [97 isolates (79.5%)] and ceftriaxone [105 isolates (86.0%)] displaying high susceptibility; and ciprofloxacin [65 isolates (53.3%)] showing moderate susceptibility. This shows that national policy on effective regulation of these antibacterial agents needs to be revised to ensure that the situation is reversed. Gentamicin showed increased significant mean activity (P***< .005, ANOVA, multiple comparisons) in MIC and MBC when compared with the other antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: Gentamicin was highly efficacious in this study and resistance of these oral bacteria to common commercial antibacterial agents is a major public health burden especially among Uganda HIV/AIDS patients. Improving drug regulation activities will reduce antibacterial resistance and treatment failures. We recommend a survey on the reasons for efficacy of gentamicin against all the commercially available antimicrobials used in this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Ezeonwumelu¹,

Ntale²,

Ogbonnia³

et al. 2017

BJPR

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“…Then 22 isolates of the standard bacteria (a pair) were selected to serve as control for the 11 species of bacterial isolates under study based on whether the selected isolate was a gram negative or gram positive bacterium. This made a grand total of 122 bacterial isolates [7].…”

Section: Sample Size and Sampling Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides and Ocimum suave Extracts against HIV/AIDS Patients’ Oral Bacteria in South-Western Uganda

Ezeonwumelu¹,

Ntale²,

Ogbonnia³

et al. 2017

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The objective of the study was to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Bidens pilosa Aqueous (BPA), Bidens pilosa Ethanolic (BPE), Ageratum conyzoides Aqueous (ACA), Ageratum conyzoides Ethanolic (ACE), Ocimum suave Aqueous (OSA) and Ocimum suave Ethanolic (OSE) extracts on HIV/AIDS patients' oral bacteria. Healthy green leaves of the plants were collected in Ishaka Uganda, processed and portions separately extracted with hot distilled water and cold ethanol. The susceptibility, MIC and MBC of each extract were determined using standard protocols. The bacteria had significant (p < 0.05) respective total susceptibilities of 35 [28.

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Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda

Odwee¹,

Kasozi²,

Acup³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Malnutrition is an important clinical outcome amongst HIV patients in developing countries and in Uganda, there is scarcity of information on its prevalence and risk factors amongst HIV adult patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study amongst 253 HIV patients in Bushenyi district assessed their nutritional status using the body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a questionnaire was used to identify major risk factors. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38.74 ± 0.80 yrs, while females and males were 52.2% and 47.8% respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition was 10.28% (95% CI: 6.82 – 14.69) in the study. Major socio-economic factors associated with malnutrition were being female, unemployed, dependent and with many family members. Patients with op- portunistic infections, low adherence to HAART, and stage of HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of malnutrition. Discussion: In rural communities, a majority of malnourished patients are elderly and these were identified as priority groups for HIV outreach campaigns. The current policy of prioritizing children and women is outdated due to changing disease dynamics, thus showing a need to revise extension service provision in rural communities. Conclusion: Malnutrition is a threat in HIV adult patients in rural communities of Uganda. Keywords: Malnutrition; HIV adult patients; Bushenyi district; Uganda.

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Resistance, Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration Profiles of Oral Bacteria from HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Cited by 6 publications

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Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of <i>Bidens pilosa</i>, <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i> and <i>Ocimum suave</i> Extracts against HIV/AIDS Patients’ Oral Bacteria in South-Western Uganda

Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda

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Resistance, Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration Profiles of Oral Bacteria from HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

Efficacy of Commercially Used Antibacterial Agents against Oral Bacteria Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients in South Western Uganda

In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of &lt;i&gt;Bidens pilosa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ageratum conyzoides&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Ocimum suave&lt;/i&gt; Extracts against HIV/AIDS Patients’ Oral Bacteria in South-Western Uganda

Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda

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In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of <i>Bidens pilosa</i>, <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i> and <i>Ocimum suave</i> Extracts against HIV/AIDS Patients’ Oral Bacteria in South-Western Uganda