Resistance to the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid in Lahontan Alfalfa1

Howe, W. L.; Smith, Oliver

doi:10.1093/jee/50.3.320

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…(), reached no conclusion regarding the relative ability of the parasitoids to control SAA. Complicating the analysis was the introduction of resistant alfalfa varieties soon after SAA invaded California (Howe & Smith, ). In South Australia, Samoedi () concluded that the combined action of T. complanatus and native coccinellids was insufficient to suppress SAA populations during mid summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing the control of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata

Gutiérrez

Ponti

2013

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The control of insect pests and other taxa may be a result of many factors that are difficult to separate and quantify. Introduced parasitoids, host plant resistance, pathogens and native predators led to the successful control of the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA; Therioaphis maculata Monell) in California and elsewhere, although the relative contribution of each factor remained largely unknown. 2 The relative contribution of each control factor was estimated using a weather-driven physiologically-based demographic system model consisting of alfalfa, SAA, its three exotic parasitoids [Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, Praon palitans Muesebeck and Trioxys complanatus (Quilis)], a native coccinellid beetle [Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Menéville)], a fungal pathogen [Erynia neoaphidis Remaudière & Hennebert (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)] and host plant resistance (HPR). Daily weather data for the period 1995-2006 from 142 locations in Arizona and California were used to drive the model. 3The factors were introduced to the model singly or in combination to assess their effects in suppressing simulated SAA populations using SAA-days m −2 year −1 (i.e. density) as the metric of control. 4 Data from selected runs were mapped using the geographic information system grass (http://grass.osgeo.org). The simulation data across all factor combinations, years and locations were summarized using linear multiple regression, with the dependent variable being log 10 SAA-days m −2 year −1 and the independent variables being the presence-absence (0, 1) of the various factors and their interactions. Marginal analysis of the regression model (∂y/∂x i ) enabled separation of the average effects of the different factors (x i ) given the average effects of the other factors. 5 Alone, each factor failed to control SAA, as did combinations of the parasitoids and coccinellid predation. Control was predicted across all ecological zones only when all mortality factors were included. The marginal analysis suggests that the order of importance of the mortality factors is HPR > coccinellid beetles > T. complanatus > P. palitans > A. semiflavus > the fungal pathogen. The variability of control by coccinellid beetles and the fungal pathogen was high and hence unreliable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each case, native natural enemies and pathogens failed to control the aphids; exotic parasitoids were introduced for their biological control (Fig. ); and host plant resistance ( HPR ) was developed for SAA and blue aphid (Howe & Smith, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing the control of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata

Gutiérrez

Ponti

2013

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Other points should, however, be considered when selecting cultivars. For example the stability of the plant resistance throughout the geographical and temporal ranges of the crop (Howe & Smith, 1957;Harvey, Hackerott & Sorensen, 1972). For Brussels sprouts a degree of resistance is important late in the growing season to protect the sprout buttons (Dunn & Kempton, 1971~).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in host plant resistance to the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) exhibited by Brussels sprout plants

Dodd

Emdrn

1979

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YSeven cultivars of Brussels sprouts from different sources were tested for their relative degrees of resistance to the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) by estimating the Potential Increase Rate of aphid infestations. The cultivars Winter Harvest and Early Half Tall were selected as susceptible and resistant respectively and tested further. Glasshouse experiments indicated that the resistance of Winter Harvest to the aphids increased with age.These relative levels of resistance were confirmed by population counts in the field. Aphid numbers were initially significantly higher on Winter Harvest than on Early Half Tall although significance was lost as the season progressed at a time when the characteristics responsible for the resistance mechanism ceased to be distinguishable between the two cultivars.Analysis of the amino acid content of leaf tissues collected at monthly intervals through the aphid season enabled 'risk rating' predictions of aphid resistance to be made. These conformed with the shifts towards greater resistance as the plants aged noted in the glasshouse trials and endorsed the part played by amino acids in the mechanism of resistance. Total amino acid concentrations reached a peak during September and October then declined with generally lower levels of amino acids in Early Half Tall than Winter Harvest. This cultivar also possessed a greater concentration of those amino acids known to be favourable to B. brassicae although the difference between the two had diminished considerably by the end of September.Analyses of the mustard oil glycoside levels in mature glasshouse-grown plants did not indicate a difference between the cultivars.

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“…All three of these main categories of resistance appear to be present in plants resistant to the spotted alfalfa aphid (Howe and Smith, 1957). Antibiosis is especially obvious on highly resistant plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiosis is especially obvious on highly resistant plants. Howe and Smith (1957) observed that young born on resistant parent plants of the variety Lahontan were restless and tended to scatter over the leaflets, and that many of these died in the early instars. McMurtry and Stanford (1960) noted that aphids confined to a highly resistant parent plant of Lahontan produced little honeydew and usually died within a period of 24-72 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of alfalfa to spotted alfalfa aphid in relation to environmental factors

McMurtry¹

1962

Hilg

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Resistance to the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid in Lahontan Alfalfa1

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Deconstructing the control of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata

Deconstructing the control of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata

Shifts in host plant resistance to the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) exhibited by Brussels sprout plants

Resistance of alfalfa to spotted alfalfa aphid in relation to environmental factors

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