Resistant Microorganisms in a Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Background: Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs) present high rates in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units worldwide and in the Pediatric, Cardiothoracic and Neonatal Intensive Care Units (ICU) of the Baca Pediatric Hospital. Ortiz, -Ecuador. The microorganisms that cause HAIs increase morbidity and mortality in ICUs. They present bacterial resistance that the World Health Organization aims to eliminate. Objective: Determine the microorganisms causing HAIs and bacterial resistance in the Pediatric, Cardiothoracic and Neonatal Intensive Units of the Baca Ortiz Pediatric Hospital Materials and Methods: Observational, Descriptive, Retrospective and documentary design lasting one year. The results were obtained through the epidemiology and infection control department. Results: A sample of 1,188 patients was obtained, 228 total Health Care Associated Infections (119 in the Pediatric and Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Units and 34 Neonatal Intensive Care Units), with a sample validity of 99%. We determined the microorganisms that cause HAIs, the microorganism with the highest frequency of recovery is Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL (extended spectrum ß-lactamases). Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was determined, of the microorganisms Klebsiella pneumoniae (63.9%) and Pseudomona aeroginosa (44.3%) resistant to Carbapenems. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (35.6%). Discussion: the microorganisms present in Neonatal Pediatric Intensive Care Units are present in a higher percentage than those determined worldwide. Bacterial resistance occurs in low-spectrum antibiotics. Conclusion: The microorganism causing HAIs in ICUs predominates Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. The measures used in ICUs must be aimed at controlling multidrug-resistant bacteria and eliminating them.