Resistin-like molecules: a marker, mediator and therapeutic target for multiple diseases

Abstract

Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly cysteine-rich proteins, including RELMα, RELMβ, Resistin, and RELMγ. However, RELMs exhibit significant differences in structure, distribution, and function. The expression of RELMs is regulated by various signaling molecules, such as IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors. In addition, RELMs can mediate numerous signaling pathways, including HMGB1/RAGE, IL-4/IL-4Rα, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, and so on. RELMs proteins are involved in wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammatory response, cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, barrier defense, etc., and participate in the progression of numerous diseases such as lung diseases, intestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Meanwhile, RELMs can serve as biomarkers, risk predictors, and therapeutic targets for these diseases. An in-depth understanding of the role of RELMs may provide novel targets or strategies for the treatment and prevention of related diseases.

Epigenetic modifications in obesity‐associated diseases

“…46 On the other hand, resistin promotes tumor cells proliferation, migration, and adhesion by affecting MAPK, PI3K, and NF-κB signaling pathways. 47,48 Recent research suggested that adipokines also impact cellular communication in the cancerous process. For instance, adipose stromal cells (ASCs) could secrete adipokines to affect the gap junction loci, which affected the intercellular communication in endometrial tumors of obese patients.…”

“…For instance, leptin exerts its effects on antiapoptotic, inflammation promotion, and angiogenesis through signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K 46 . On the other hand, resistin promotes tumor cells proliferation, migration, and adhesion by affecting MAPK, PI3K, and NF‐κB signaling pathways 47,48 . Recent research suggested that adipokines also impact cellular communication in the cancerous process.…”

Non-invasive diagnosis of bacterial and non-bacterial inflammations using a dual-enzyme-responsive fluorescent indicator

“…10 "Non-bacterial inammation" refers to inammatory reactions induced by non-bacterial agents. 11 This category encompasses autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic reactions including allergic rhinitis and asthma, chronic inammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, drug reactions such as drug allergies or drug-induced vasculitis, and viral infections leading to inammation such as respiratory tract inammation triggered by respiratory viruses or skin inammation caused by herpes virus infections. [12][13][14][15] Accurately distinguishing between bacterial and nonbacterial inammation holds signicant clinical importance in diagnosing and treating inammatory conditions.…”

Doxorubicin-Induced Modulation of TGF-β Signaling Cascade in Mouse Fibroblasts: Insights into Cardiotoxicity Mechanisms

“…Despite its therapeutic bene ts, DOX is associated with off-target effects, which include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The precise mechanisms underlying DOX-induced ROS overproduction are not fully understood, however, studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction 26,27 , calcium homeostasis 28,29 , iron chelation 30,31 , and in ammatory responses [32][33][34][35] are implicated in ROS generation caused by DOX. Although antioxidants have been used in combination with DOX to decrease the buildup of free radicals, this approach has not proven effective in reducing cardiotoxicity while maintaining the antitumor e cacy of DOX 36 .…”