“…This approach, increasingly prevalent in contemporary research, facilitates multiple survey administrations within a specific study framework (Mehmood, Jabeen, Rehman, et al, 2023;Shah et al, 2023). By leveraging data from diverse sources, this method effectively mitigates the risks associated with common source bias (CMB) (Alkatheeri et al, 2023;Mehmood, Zia, Alkatheeri, et al, 2023). Additionally, the time-lagged approach's inherent design, which allows for intervalbased data collection, further diminishes CMB concerns (Podsakoff et al, 2003;Mehmood, Kautish, Mangla, et al, 2024).…”