A review of the MEDLINE literature database from 1966 through October 2003 was performed looking for the terms advocacy (child advocacy, consumer advocacy, legislative advocacy, patient advocacy), as well as advocacy education and training, and was limited to children from birth through 18 years. The titles and many of the abstracts of 4580 articles were reviewed, and 104 articles were read in full. From these, 68 were selected for review here; they were thought to be of particular interest to practicing pediatricians and pediatric educators.