Respiration and lipid content of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus overwintering 1�m above the seafloor at 2,300�m water depth in the Fram Strait

Auel, Holger; Klages, Michaël; Werner, Iris

doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1061-4

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An energy budget was established following Auel et al (2003) for the 2 experiments and for in situ development of EP, using the observed differences in total lipid content between the beginning and the end of the experiments, the number of eggs spawned, the lipid content of Calanus hyperboreus eggs (0.54 ± 0.01 μg, i.e 5.4 × 10 -4 mg egg (assuming a carbon content of 60% of dry weight; Omori 1969, Plourde et al 2003. Finally, to convert respiration into daily energy requirements, an oxycaloric equivalent of 19.64 J ml −1 O 2 was assumed as typical for lipid-based metabolism (Ikeda et al 2000).…”

Section: Energy Budget For Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and food availability on feeding and egg production of Calanus hyperboreus from Disko Bay, western Greenland

Henriksen¹,

Jung-Madsen²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The effects of temperature and food availability on feeding and egg production of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus were investigated in Disko Bay, western Greenland, from winter to spring 2009. The abundance of females in the near bottom layer and the egg production of C. hyperboreus prior to the spring bloom document that reproduction relies on lipid stores. The maximum in situ egg production (± SE) of 54 ± 8 eggs female −1 d −1 was recorded in mid-February at chlorophyll a concentrations below 0.1 μg l −1 , whereas no egg production was observed in midApril when the spring bloom developed. After reproduction, the females migrated to the surface layer to exploit the bloom and refill their lipid stores. In 2 laboratory experiments, initiated before and during the spring bloom, mature females were kept with and without food at 5 different temperatures ranging from 0 to 10°C and the fecal pellet and egg production were monitored. Food had a clear effect on fecal pellet production but no effect on egg production, while temperature did not have an effect on egg or fecal pellet production in any of the experiments. Analyses of carbon and lipid content of the females before and after the experiments did not reflect any effect of food or temperature in the pre-bloom experiment, whereas in the bloom experiment a clear positive effect of food was detected in female biochemical profiles. The lack of a temperature response suggests a future warmer ocean could be unfavorable for C. hyperboreus compared to smaller Calanus spp. which are reported to exploit minor temperature elevations for increased egg production. KEY WORDS: Calanus hyperboreus · Egg production · Fecal pellet production · Effect of temperatureResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Energy Budget For Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and food availability on feeding and egg production of Calanus hyperboreus from Disko Bay, western Greenland

Henriksen¹,

Jung-Madsen²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Because the nauplii mainly contained WE, which is a very energy-and space-efficient storage medium, a lipid-based metabolism was assumed. WE of C. hyperboreus can provide 42.7 J (mg lipid) 21 (Bå mstedt 1986; Auel et al 2003); hence, the energy available for the nauplii is calculated as WE content of nauplii 3 42.7 J mg 21 . Respiration rate was converted to daily energy requirements by applying an oxycaloric equivalent typical for lipid-based metabolism of 19.6 J mL 21 (Gnaiger 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Greenland Sea and Fram Strait, C. hyperboreus may overwinter at depths , 2000 m (Auel et al 2003;Hirche et al 2006). At such a depth, active swimming will be necessary to reach the surface in time for the spring bloom.…”

Section: This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development of Calanus hyperboreus nauplii: Response to a changing ocean

Jung-Madsen

Nielsen

Grønkjær

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

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To forecast effects of temperature changes on recruitment and population dynamics of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus, laboratory experiments investigating temperature and food effects on early development were performed in Disko Bay, western Greenland, in 2009, and ascent rates of C. hyperboreus eggs collected in east Greenland were measured in the laboratory. Ascent rates were highly variable both between and within clutches, ranging from 0.7 to 27.7 m d 21 , suggesting variability in the biochemical composition of the egg. Development of eggs were investigated between 0.8uC and 6.6uC, and hatching was fitted to a Belěhrá dek temperature function (r 2 . 0.99) with mean development time (MDT) of eggs ranging from 2.8 to 5.8 d. MDT of fed and starved nauplii was calculated for nauplii raised at 5uC. Fed nauplii developed through the first five nauplius stages (N1-N5) during 40 d of incubation, whereas development of starved nauplii ceased at N3. Nauplii were able to survive at least 30 d of starvation. Respiration rate was measured for N1 and N3 at 0uC, 5uC, and 10uC, and it increased with development stage and temperature from 0.05 6 0.01 to 0.29 6 0.08 nmol O 2 nauplii 21 h 21 for N1 at 0uC and N3 at 10uC, respectively. A decrease in carbon and lipid content from egg to N3 indicates that nauplii are using stored lipids to cover their metabolic costs during the nonfeeding stages. Early stages of C. hyperboreus seem more affected by temperature than later stages, a vulnerability that might affect future recruitment.

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“…In contrast, C. hyperboreus is more confined to deeper waters, overwinters at 500 m or more, and is likely advected into the Barents Sea from the Arctic Ocean (Auel et al, 2003). Arctic Water is also an important source of ice-associated amphipods (Hyperiidae and Gammaridae), and Themisto libellula, a large, predatory amphipod that is an important component of the zooplankton fauna in these seasonally ice-covered waters.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%