Respiratory and Electrical Responses to Light Stimulation in the Retina of the Frog

Abstract

Isolated retinas from frogs' eyes were preserved in a circulating medium; transretinal electrical potential and ultraviolet absorbancy were monitored. In response to visible stimulation, changes in absorbancy were observed which correlate with the c-wave of the electroretinogram. They are tentatively identified as cyclic oxidations of pyridine nucleotides reflecting the energy expenditure associated with evoked neuronal activity.

Light adaptation and temperature effects in rat PIII retinal response: analysis with a two-state model.

“…For one thing, this phenomenon is observed only if low-intensity flashes are used. Also, at temperatures lower than about 260C, the response begins to decrease with decreasing temperatures, and it abruptly disappears at about 16 Biophysics: Gale and Williams ooA pumps to sustain high dark currents. Or, perhaps, for part of the temperature range, we simply did not use a flash sufficiently long to observe the full amplitude.…”

“…The PIII electrical records in this report were obtained from retinas that were removed from albino rat eyes and maintained in an isolated perfusion chamber, constructed after the design of Sickel (16). Choice of this preparation was prompted by the desire to manipulate retinal temperature and to illuminate the retina evenly, without the complication of physiological optics.…”

Selected aspects of retinal signaling and energy metabolism and its perspective as a cerebral surrogate model

“…Firstly in 1965, simultaneous respiratory and electrical responses to light stimulation were reported for the isolated and superfused frog retina, a poikilotherm organism [14]. While the isolated electrical recording from the ex vivo mammalian retina still had been successfully performed earlier [15], the use of absorption spectroscopy for measuring the energy status in parallel was indirectly introduced by Sickel [14].…”

“…While the isolated electrical recording from the ex vivo mammalian retina still had been successfully performed earlier [15], the use of absorption spectroscopy for measuring the energy status in parallel was indirectly introduced by Sickel [14]. The parallel recording of absorption changes for the oxidized versus reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide had been developed by Chance and Williams [16] and was combined with ERG recordings by Sickel's systematic investigations in Boston and Cologne.…”

“…The nutrient solution perfused both halves of the chamber successively. Silver ring electrodes in both compartments served to record the ERG from the bathing fluid [14], a setup, which is still in use today in a modified form (Figures 1 and 2). …”