Respiratory Pathogens in Infants Diagnosed with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western India Using Multiplex Real Time PCR

Abstract

Objective To determine the frequency of respiratory pathogens in infants diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Methods A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in infants hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), in a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city of Western India. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction, for 18 viruses and 3 bacteria (H. influenzae type b, C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae). The entire data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and frequencies were determined. Results One hundred eligible infants were enrolled. Pathogens were detected in 82 samples, which included Respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) A / B (35.4%), Human rhinovirus (25.6%), Adenovirus (22%), Human Parainfluenza viruses (11%), Human bocavirus (9.8), Human metapneumovirus A / B (8.5%), Influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 (6.1%), Parechovirus (3.7%), Human coronaviruses (3.66%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (6.1%), Chlamydia pneumoniae (2.4%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2.4%). Influenza A (other than H1N1), Influenza B, Human Coronavirus 229E and Enterovirus were not detected. The rate of coinfection was 34% and rhinovirus was the most common of the multiple pathogens. Conclusions Spectrum of viral etiologies of ALRTI is highlighted. Etiological diagnosis of ALRTI would enable specific antiviral therapy, restrict antibiotic use and help in knowing burden of disease.

Molecular Diagnosis of Pneumonia Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay RespiFinder® SMART 22 FAST in a Group of Moroccan Infants

“…ey found Respiratory viruses in 64% of the Tracheal secretion (TS) samples [12]. is high positivity is similar to other studies in which molecular methods were performed [2,[22][23][24].…”

“…Hall CB et al suggest that RSV has the greatest disease burden both in hospitalized children and in outpatients, especially in children under 5 years of age [26]. is higher proportion in infants is due to maternal antibodies that are ineffective in preventing RSV infections [24]. A systematic review realized by Shi et al in 2015 estimated that 30 million episodes of acute lower respiratory infection caused by RSV were about a third in the first year of the life among children aged less than 4 years in low-income and middle-income countries.…”

Clinical, epidemiological and immunological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia (analytical review)

“…Необходимо отметить возможность получения ложноотрицательных результатов. Этому может поспособствовать генерализация инфекции либо способность персистенции микроорганизма, а также присутствие в пробах различных ингибиторов ПЦР [102,103].…”

“…Тем не менее в настоящее время ПЦР-исследование не является золотым стандартом выявления возбудителей МП из-за большой затратной части, связанной с необходимостью наличия специально оснащенного помещения, закупки дорогостоящего лабораторного оборудования и реактивов. Необходимо отметить, что ПЦР-диагностика не дифференцирует острую инфекцию от персистенции M. pneumoniae в организме больного [97,103] А также необходимо учитывать наличие соответствующей клинической симптоматики -острое начало болезни, выраженная интоксикация, гипертермия, гиперемия зева, неэффективность АБТ группы пенициллина; дальнейшее течение пневмонии на фоне длительного изнуряющего кашля, умеренный лейкоцитоз с лимфоцитозом, ускоренной СОЭ и рентгенологических данных [4,74,86,104].…”

Seroepidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in western India with special reference to appropriate age for infant vaccination

“…Next, antibody positivity was compared in relation to the time of sample collection and RSV seasonality. During the winter months (December‐February), a substantial increase in the number of clinical RSV patients is recorded . At 3 months, 28 samples were collected during the RSV season, 14 after the season (March‐May) and 38 before the season (June‐November).…”