1969
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120955
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Infants Despite Prior Administration of Antigenic Inactivated Vaccine12

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Cited by 1,794 publications
(1,294 citation statements)
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“…Vaccine-enhanced disease has been seen in the human with two members of the Paramyxoviridae family, measles and hRSV [7,11]. Similar enhancement has been shown experimentally in cotton rats with hRSV [20,22], measles [18], parainfluenza 3 [16], and now hMPV.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 54%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Vaccine-enhanced disease has been seen in the human with two members of the Paramyxoviridae family, measles and hRSV [7,11]. Similar enhancement has been shown experimentally in cotton rats with hRSV [20,22], measles [18], parainfluenza 3 [16], and now hMPV.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…The use of an early formalin-inactivated hRSV vaccine (FI-hMPV) together with natural environmental challenge with the virus resulted in severe pulmonary disease, hospitalization and two deaths among the immunized children [11]. We have described the lung tissues from the fatal cases in detail [20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, pathology observed following primary infection in infants is largely immune mediated [10,11]. Furthermore, there is a risk of serious immunopathology upon RSV infection secondary to a failed vaccination, as demonstrated by clinical trials conducted in the 1960s using formalininactivated RSV (FI-RSV) [12,13]. Although the etiology of this enhanced disease has never been fully elucidated, studies in animal models have suggested that FI-RSV leads to a Th2-skewed CD4 + T cell response that not only fails to clear the virus but also triggers the recruitment of eosinophils [14,15].…”
Section: Immunity To Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The moderate to high levels of maternally derived serum antibody, present in the sera of infants of this age, does not appear to protect against infection. In spite of attempts to produce an inactivated vaccine Kim et al 1969a) the problem of prevention of infection with this virus remains unsolved. In fact these studies with inactivated vaccine have shown that those who have been given vaccine fare worse than those without, on natural infection with R.S.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%