Respiratory viruses as a cause of sudden death

Garcia, Magali; Beby‐Defaux, Agnès; Lévêque, Nicolas

doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1157470

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Nonetheless, even with a lower detection rate, all respiratory tract viral infections regarded as notifiable by the State's Communicable Disease branch [17] would have been identified by analysis of a sample of lung. One of the main issues with microbiological investigations on lung tissue is that in cases of focal infection, there is a possibility of generating false negative results if the sampling is undertaken outside of the affected region, which could explain the low viral yield [18]. It was also considered the higher yield from lung swabs might reflect that these were bathed in viral transport medium compared with the lung samples that were not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining a sampling regime for PCR detection of respiratory tract viral infection at coronial post-mortem examinations

Gilsenan-Reed

Higgins

Langlois

2020

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Death due to respiratory infection is commonly encountered at autopsy. With only one opportunity to obtain samples for identification of a causative agent, it is important to ensure that sampling regimes are optimized to provide the greatest detection, without the expense and redundancy that can arise from over-sampling. This study was performed retrospectively using data from Coronial autopsies over the period 2012–2019 from which swabs from the nasopharyngeal region, trachea and lung parenchyma, in addition to samples of lung tissue, had been submitted for multiplex PCR detection of respiratory pathogens. From 97 cases with all four samples, there were 24 with at least one positive result for viral infection. Some cases had multiple positive results and a total of 27 respiratory tract viruses were identified, of which rhinovirus, influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common. Seventeen of the 27 viral infections (63%) were identified in all four samples. However, in nearly all cases (96%) the nasopharyngeal swab detected the infective agent when the multiplex PCR panel had detected infection in any of the four sample types. A nasopharyngeal swab is considered to be an optimal sample for detection of respiratory tract viral infection. As the samples analyzed were acquired before the appearance of the COVID-19 virus, the applicability of this finding for COVID-19 screening is not established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining a sampling regime for PCR detection of respiratory tract viral infection at coronial post-mortem examinations

Gilsenan-Reed

Higgins

Langlois

2020

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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“…Among the most common are the coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); the influenza viruses, influenza A virus (FLUA) and influenza B virus (FLUB); and the rhinovirus (RHINO). Post-mortem examinations attribute respiratory viruses such as those mentioned to up to half of all sudden deaths in children [ 1 ], with seasonal pandemics claiming more lives each year. It is likely that sudden death is caused by a disproportionate inflammatory response to viral infection [ 2 ], leading to lung injury, viral sepsis, and respiratory distress [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and Transcriptome Analyses Revealed Preferential Induction of Chemotaxis and Lipid Synthesis by SARS-CoV-2

Shaath

Alajez

2020

Biology

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The continuous and rapid emergence of new viral strains calls for a better understanding of the fundamental changes occurring within the host cell upon viral infection. In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq transcriptome data from Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to five other viruses namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-MERS), influenzavirus A (FLUA), influenzavirus B (FLUB), and rhinovirus (RHINO) compared to mock-infected cells and characterized their coding and noncoding RNA transcriptional portraits. The induction of interferon, inflammatory, and immune response was a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comprehensive bioinformatics revealed the activation of immune response and defense response to the virus as a common feature of viral infection. Interestingly however, the degree of functional categories and signaling pathways activation varied among different viruses. Ingenuity pathways analysis highlighted altered conical and casual pathways related to TNF, IL1A, and TLR7, which are seen more predominantly during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, the activation of chemotaxis and lipid synthesis was prominent in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Despite the commonality among all viruses, our data revealed the hyperactivation of chemotaxis and immune cell trafficking as well as the enhanced fatty acid synthesis as plausible mechanisms that could explain the inflammatory cytokine storms associated with severe cases of COVID-19 and the rapid spread of the virus, respectively.

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“…2 Amongst neurological conditions, the most frequent are subarachnoid or intracerebral haemorrhages. 12 Respiratory illnesses may also cause sudden death in the presence of respiratory diseases, such as bronchopneumonia, 13 uncontrolled asthma 14 and acute respiratory distress syndrome. On the other hand, gastrointestinal conditions are a less common cause of sudden unexpected death (SUD) due to gastrointestinal pathologies often presenting with symptoms that attract medical attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden unexpected non-cardiac death in the Genoa Medico-Legal District: A six year study (2014–2019) and literature review

et al. 2021

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Sudden death is described as a natural but unexpected death occurring within one hour from the onset of the patient’s final symptoms. Despite cardiac disease being recognised as the cause of death in most people, sudden and unexpected death can also be non-cardiac related. Often a natural but sudden death is not subject to an autopsy, but only to an external examination, and this runs the risk of wrongly attributing the death to a cardiac cause. The present review is a retrospective-observational study which looks into the cases of sudden non-cardiac death recorded in the Genoa District (Italy) from 2014 to 2019 and investigated through complete autopsy examinations. Amongst these cases, 39 (31.5%) were attributable to gastrointestinal diseases, mostly due to the rupture of oesophageal varices; 39 (31.5%) to respiratory diseases, especially pulmonary infections; 31 (25%) to peripheral vascular disease, mostly attributable to pulmonary thromboembolisms or the acute dissection of aneurysms whilst the remaining 15 cases (12%) were attributable to intracranial haemorrhages.

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Respiratory viruses as a cause of sudden death

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Determining a sampling regime for PCR detection of respiratory tract viral infection at coronial post-mortem examinations

Determining a sampling regime for PCR detection of respiratory tract viral infection at coronial post-mortem examinations

Computational and Transcriptome Analyses Revealed Preferential Induction of Chemotaxis and Lipid Synthesis by SARS-CoV-2

Sudden unexpected non-cardiac death in the Genoa Medico-Legal District: A six year study (2014–2019) and literature review

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