Responding to Death and Grief in a School

Braaten, Sheldon; Braaten, Barbara

doi:10.1080/05544246.1988.9944790

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In this section we briefly summarize the symmetries and interactions underlying the effective Lagrangian of a dilute Bose gas. A more detailed description can be found in [5,27].…”

Section: Effective Lagrangianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of renormalization-group techniques to a homogeneous Bose gas at finite temperature

Andersen

Strickland

1999

Phys. Rev. A

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A homogeneous Bose gas is investigated at finite temperature using renormalization group techniques. A non-perturbative flow equation for the effective potential is derived using sharp and smooth cutoff functions. Numerical solutions of these equations show that the system undergoes a second order phase transition in accordance with universality arguments. We obtain the critical exponent ν = 0.73 to leading order in the derivative expansion.

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“…In this section we briefly summarize the symmetries and interactions underlying the effective Lagrangian of a dilute Bose gas. A more detailed description can be found in [5,27].…”

Section: Effective Lagrangianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of renormalization-group techniques to a homogeneous Bose gas at finite temperature

Andersen

Strickland

1999

Phys. Rev. A

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“…Braaten and Patankar [1] have studied numerically the effect of buoyancy force on an external¯ow and heat transferred from rectangular blocks arrangement. The secondary¯ow forms a unique cell for weak Reynolds numbers and con®gurations of several cells when Rayleigh number rises.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of electronic cooling by insertion of foam materials

Rachedi

Chikh

2001

Heat and Mass Transfer

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A numerical investigation of electronic cooling enhancement is carried out in this study in order to determine how the operating temperature can be maintained under the allowable level. A new technique based on use of porous or foam material inserted between the components on a horizontal board is studied. One energy equation model has been adopted to analyse the thermal ®eld. The control volume method based on ®nite differences with appropriate averaging for diffusion coef®cients is used to solve the coupling between solid,¯uid and porous regions. The effect of parameters such as Reynolds number, Darcy number and thermal conductivity ratio are considered in order to look for the most appropriate properties of the foam or porous substrate that allow optimal cooling. The results show that for high thermal conductivity of the porous substrate, substantial enhancement is obtained compared to the¯uid case even if the permeability is low. In the mixed convection case, the insertion of the foam between the blocks leads to a temperature reduction of 50%. List of symbolsA binary function b source term B binary function c height of the blocks, m C dimensionless height of the blocks C c=H c E Ergun constant c p¯u id speci®c heat, J/kg Á K Da Darcy number e thickness of the porous matrix, m E dimensionless thickness of the porous matrix E e=H H channel height, m k thermal conductivity, W/m Á K K permeability of the porous material, m 2 l channel length, m L dimensionless channel length L l=H l 1 entrance length, m l 2 length after the last block, m Nu Nusselt number p pressure, N/m 2 P dimensionless pressure Pr¯uid Prandtl number q local heat dissipation, W/m 3 Q heat dissipation per unit length in each block, W/m Re Reynolds number R k thermal conductivity ratio R m viscosity ratio s spacing between the blocks, m S dimensionless spacing between the blocks S s=H T temperature, K u axial velocity, m/s U dimensionless axial velocity U u=u 0 v transverse velocity, m/s V dimensionless transverse velocity V v=u 0 w block width, m W dimensionless block width W w=H x axial co-ordinate, m X dimensionless axial co-ordinate X x=H y transverse co-ordinate, m Y dimensionless transverse co-ordinate Y y=H Greek symbols a thermal diffusivity of the¯uid b thermal expansion coef®cient of the¯uid, 1=K e porosity k inertial coef®cient l dynamic viscosity, kg/m Á s m kinematic viscosity of the¯uid h dimensionless temperature q¯uid density, kg/m 3 w stream function, m 2 /s

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“…The only ones that were known previously were the ratio R τ and the moments of the invariant mass distribution dR τ /ds [4,15]. The endpoint value of the hadronic energy distribution dR τ /dz in the decay of a high energy tau can also be calculated rigorously, as can the moments of the energy distribution [16]. For each of these quantities, there is also a polarization asymmetry that can be calculated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tau polarimetry with inclusive decays

Braaten

1993

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The spin asymmetry parameter A τ characterizing the angular distribution of the total hadron momentum in the decay of a polarized tau can be calculated rigorously using perturbative QCD and the operator product expansion. Perturbative QCD corrections to the free quark result A τ = 1/3 can be expressed as a power series in α s (M τ ) and nonperturbative QCD corrections can be expanded systematically in powers of 1/M 2 τ . The QCD prediction is A τ = 0.41 ± 0.02. In the decay of a high energy tau into hadrons, the value of the hadronic energy distribution dR τ /dz evaluated at the maximum hadronic energy fraction z = 1 can also be calculated rigorously from QCD.

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Responding to Death and Grief in a School

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Application of renormalization-group techniques to a homogeneous Bose gas at finite temperature

Application of renormalization-group techniques to a homogeneous Bose gas at finite temperature

Enhancement of electronic cooling by insertion of foam materials

Tau polarimetry with inclusive decays

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