Response from Authors

Abstract

Naturally, as with many cross-sectional cohort studies examining associations between independent characteristics and outcomes, causation is not able to be inferred. The authors agree that contact with the criminal justice system, mental disorders and/or substance use may both precede and contribute to homelessness. Although we do not infer a causal relationship, the high proportion of the cohort released from prison (∼30%) and the high rate of recidivism during the study show that the existing interventions are not preventive.The authors look forward to prospective studies that may be able to disentangle the contribution and the effects of criminal recidivism, mental illness, substance use, and homelessness and seek to offer evidence-based solutions to provide stable accommodation.