Response-function measurement of an NE213 scintillator using the 2H(d, n)3He reaction

Aksoy, A.; Coban, A.; Naqvi, A.A.; Khiari, F.Z.; Hanly, J. M.; Howell, C. R.; Tornow, W.; Felsher, P. D.; Al-Ohali, M.A.; Walter, R. L.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(94)91118-5

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The latter one requires a response function to unfold the visible energies "seen" by PMTs to the recoil energy caused by incident neutrons. Such a function has been widely studied for neutron energies from a few MeV to several hundred MeV [29][30][31][32][33][34] with small scintillation detectors (several liters). Several Monte Carlo codes such as CE-CIL [29], O5S [35] and SCINFUL [36] are developed to calculate the neutron response function in liquid scintillators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring muon-induced neutrons with liquid scintillation detector at Soudan mine

Zhang

Mei

2014

Phys. Rev. D

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We report a direct detection of muon-induced high energy neutrons with a 12-liter neutron detector fabricated with EJ-301 liquid scintillator operating at Soudan Mine for about two years. The detector response to energy from a few MeV up to ∼ 20 MeV has been calibrated using radioactive sources and cosmic-ray muons. Subsequently, we have calculated the scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils, up to a few hundred MeV, using Birks' law in the Monte Carlo simulation. Data from an exposure of 655.1 days were analyzed and neutron-induced recoil events were observed in the energy region from 4 MeV to 50 MeV, corresponding to fast neutrons with kinetic energy up to a few hundred MeV, depending on the scattering angle. Combining with the Monte Carlo simulation, the measured muon-induced fast neutron flux is determined to be (2.23 ± 0.52(sta.) ± 0.99(sys.)) × 10 −9 cm −2 s −1 (En > 20 MeV), in a reasonable agreement with the model prediction. The muon flux is found to be (1.65 ± 0.02(sta.) ± 0.1(sys.)) × 10 −7 cm −2 s −1 (Eµ > 1 GeV), consistent with other measurements. As a result, the muon-induced high energy gamma-ray flux is simulated to be 7.08 ×10 −7 cm −2 s −1 (Eγ > 1 MeV) for the depth of Soudan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring muon-induced neutrons with liquid scintillation detector at Soudan mine

Zhang

Mei

2014

Phys. Rev. D

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“…The expected double-peaked structure due to neutron double scatter events within the detector volume is evident. The recoil spectrum extends to just below 1 MeV ee , as expected from 2.5 MeV neutrons and the non-linear response spectrum of proton recoil energies in EJ-301 detectors [22][23][24]. Other algorithms show similar spectra with some variations below 200 keV ee which will be discussed in section 5.…”

Section: Neutron Fluxmentioning

confidence: 54%

Improved pulse shape discrimination in EJ-301 liquid scintillators

Lang

Masson

Pienaar

et al. 2017

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Digital pulse shape discrimination has become readily available to distinguish nuclear recoil and electronic recoil events in scintillation detectors. We evaluate digital implementations of pulse shape discrimination algorithms discussed in the literature, namely the Charge Comparison Method, Pulse-Gradient Analysis, Fourier Series and Standard Event Fitting. In addition, we present a novel algorithm based on a Laplace Transform. Instead of comparing the performance of these algorithms based on a single Figure of Merit, we evaluate them as a function of recoil energy. Specifically, using commercial EJ-301 liquid sctintillators, we examined both the resulting acceptance of nuclear recoils at a given rejection level of electronic recoils, as well as the purity of the selected nuclear recoil event samples. We find that both a Standard Event fit and a Laplace Transform can be used to significantly improve the discrimination capabilities over the whole considered energy range of 0 − 800 keV ee . Furthermore, we show that the Charge Comparison Method performs poorly in accurately identifying nuclear recoils.

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“…The measured neutron energies (E Meas n ) deduced from the TOF spectra are tabulated in table 1 and show a good agreement with kinematics. The measured pulse height spectrum of LS has been extracted using suitable prompt neutron gate in TOF spectrum and the background pulse height spectrum has been obtained for the same time window excluding neutron and gamma peaks ) deduced from the TOF spectra and calculated E ee using the empirical relations [13][14][15][16] for various proton energy (E p ) in the (p,n 1 ) reaction. E Kin n is the neutron energy calculated using 2 body kinematics for 7 Li(p,n 1 ) 7 Be reaction at θ = 45 • .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured response of a liquid scintillation detector to quasi-monoenergetic electrons and neutrons

et al. 2018

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The response of the liquid scintillator (EJ-301 equivalent to NE-213) to the monoenergetic electrons produced in Compton scattered γ-ray tagging has been carried out for various radioactive γ-ray sources. The measured electron response is found to be linear up to ∼4 MeVee and the resolution of the liquid scintillator at 1 MeVee is observed to be ∼ 11%. The pulse shape discrimination and pulse height response of the liquid scintillator for neutrons has been measured using 7 Li(p,n 1 ) 7 Be*(0.429 MeV) reaction. Non linear response to mono-energetic neutrons for the liquid scintillator is observed at E n =5. 3, 9.0 and 12.7 MeV. The measured response of the liquid scintillator for electrons and neutrons have been compared with Geant4 simulation.

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Response-function measurement of an NE213 scintillator using the 2H(d, n)3He reaction

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Measuring muon-induced neutrons with liquid scintillation detector at Soudan mine

Measuring muon-induced neutrons with liquid scintillation detector at Soudan mine

Improved pulse shape discrimination in EJ-301 liquid scintillators

Measured response of a liquid scintillation detector to quasi-monoenergetic electrons and neutrons

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