Response to the comment “Are claims of cheap muon production correct?” by K. Hansen and J. Engelen, Energy Sustain. Soc., 2023

Holmlid, Leif

doi:10.1186/s13705-023-00404-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…The formation of muons by laser-induced nuclear processes has been described in several publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Sceptical comments without any proof have been published [11,12] as well as responses [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous creation of muons and destruction of protons in ultra- dense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid

2023

Preprint

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A patented laser-induced muon generator (Holmlid 2017) is here used to observe also the spontaneous formation of muons from ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). The muons are detected by their interaction with converters and scintillators both inside and outside the vacuum apparatus containing the muon generator. This interaction creates x-ray radiation which then gives beta e+e- pairs with a zero energy cutoff of 510 ± 10 keV. The e+e- energy distributions are matched by a statistical model. It is concluded that muons are formed by spontaneous annihilation nuclear processes in H(0) primarily creating mesons. The lifetime before the spontaneous proton destruction by annihilation is estimated from the results to be of the order of 1011 years, thus much shorter than theoretical proton lifetimes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous creation of muons and destruction of protons in ultra- dense hydrogen H(0)

Holmlid

2023

Preprint

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Reply to comment on ‘Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg Matter: a review’

Holmlid

2024

Phys. Scr.

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In this reply to an additional Comment by Hansen and Engelen it is shown that there is no violation of the baryon number conservation ‘law’ in the nuclear reactions in H0). In numerous well-known studies from large groups, baryons are both created and annihilated, without breaking the baryon number conservation ‘law’. This point was misunderstood in the Comment. H(0) molecules have very little in common with covalently bonded H2 molecules. The smallest H(0) molecules are H3(0) and H4(0). The picometer bond distances in H(0) are measured by the kinetic energy release in Coulomb explosions by neutral fragment time-of-flight experiments (not in TOF-MS experiments as stated in the Comment). The bond distances are further measured with femtometer precision in rotational spectroscopy experiments, with spin resolution for s = 2, 3 and 4. Many different molecular forms are observed for p(0), D(0) and pD(0).

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Analysis of some of the statements of L. Holmlid about T + D fusion, D + D fusion and ultra-dense hydrogen

Shmatov

2024

Energ Sustain Soc

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Background Thermonuclear fusion is a widely discussed approach to energy production. In 2022, Energy Sustain. Soc. published L. Holmlid’s paper (Energy Sustain Soc 12:14, 2022, 10.1186/s13705-022-00338-4) containing, in particular, critical statements about the plans for use of the T + D fusion in energy production. An analysis of these and several other statements of L. Holmlid is presented. This analysis complements a similar analysis performed by K. Hansen and J. Engelen (Energy Sustain Soc 13:14, 2023, 10.1186/s13705-023-00403-6). Main text It is shown that several statements of L. Holmlid about D + T fusion and D + D fusion are mistaken or ungrounded. It is also shown that the statement of L. Holmlid about the products of annihilation of low-energy antiprotons with protons in ultra-dense hydrogen differs strongly from the data on the products of annihilation of stopped antiprotons with protons in liquid hydrogen and with nucleons of the nuclei of elements heavier than hydrogen. Conclusion The statement “The use of all resources for fusion research on non-sustainable D + T fusion instead of sustainable muon-induced fusion may be a fatal mistake for humanity”, made by L. Holmlid in his Reply (Energy Sustain Soc 13:25, 2023, 10.1186/s13705-023-00404-5) to the aforementioned paper by K. Hansen and J. Engelen, is mistaken.

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Response to the comment “Are claims of cheap muon production correct?” by K. Hansen and J. Engelen, Energy Sustain. Soc., 2023

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Spontaneous creation of muons and destruction of protons in ultra- dense hydrogen H(0)

Spontaneous creation of muons and destruction of protons in ultra- dense hydrogen H(0)

Reply to comment on ‘Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg Matter: a review’

Analysis of some of the statements of L. Holmlid about T + D fusion, D + D fusion and ultra-dense hydrogen

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