Responses to delayed estrus after weaning in sows using oral progestagen treatment1

Patterson, Jennifer; Wellen, Andrew; Hahn, Mark E.; Pasternak, J. Alex; Lowe, J. E.; DeHaas, S.; Kraus, Daniel; Williams, N. H.; Foxcroft, G. R.

doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0440

Cited by 44 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Selection for litter size has been shown to disproportionally increase ovulation rate (OR) and prenatal mortality (Johnson et al, 1999;van der Waaij et al, 2010;Vallet et al, 2014) and OR of 25 to 30 are relatively common nowadays (Patterson et al, 2008;Wientjes et al, 2013). The increase in prenatal mortality with an increase in OR seems due to both an increase in pre-implantation and post-implantation mortality (van der Waaij et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between ovulation rate and embryonic and placental characteristics in multiparous sows at 35 days of pregnancy

Silva

Brand

Laurenssen

et al. 2016

Animal

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The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between ovulation rate (OR) and embryonic and placental development in sows. Topigs Norsvin ® sows (n = 91, parity 2 to 17) from three different genetic backgrounds were slaughtered at 35 days of pregnancy and the reproductive tract was collected. The corpora lutea (CL) were counted and the number of vital and non-vital embryos, embryonic spacing (distance between two embryos), implantation length, placental length, placental weight and embryonic weight were assessed. The difference between number of CL and total number of embryos was considered as early embryonic mortality. The number of non-vital embryos was considered as late mortality. Relationships between OR and all other variables were investigated using two models: the first considered parity as class effect (n = 91) and the second used a subset of sows with parities 4 to 10 (n = 47) to analyse the genetic background as class effect. OR was significantly affected by parity ( P < 0.0001), but was not affected by the genetic background of the sows. Parity and genetic background did not affect embryonic and placental characteristics at 35 days of pregnancy. OR (varying from 17 to 38 CL) was positively related with early embryonic mortality (β = 0.49 ± 0.1 n/ovulations, P < 0.0001), with late embryonic mortality or number of non-vital embryos (β = 0.24 ± 0.1 n/ovulations, P = 0.001) and with the number of vital embryos (β = 0.26 ± 0.1 n/ovulations, P = 0.01). However, dividing OR in four classes, showed that the number of vital embryos was lowest in OR class 1 (17 to 21 CL), but not different for the other OR classes, suggesting a plateau for number of vital embryos for OR above 22. There was a negative linear relationship between OR and vital embryonic spacing (β = −0.45 ± 0.1 cm/ovulation, P = 0.001), implantation length (β = −0.35 ± 0.1 cm/ovulation, P = 0.003), placental length (β = −0.38 ± 0.2 cm/ovulation, P = 0.05) and empty space around embryonic-placental unit (β = −0.4 ± 0.2 cm/ovulation, P = 0.02), indicating uterine crowding. Further analyses showed that effects of OR on embryonic and uterine parameters were related with the increase in late mortality and not early embryonic mortality. Therefore, we conclude that a high OR results in an moderate increase in the number of vital embryos at day 35 of pregnancy, but compromises development in the surviving embryonic/placental units, suggesting that the future growth and survival of the embryos might be further compromised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between ovulation rate and embryonic and placental characteristics in multiparous sows at 35 days of pregnancy

Silva

Brand

Laurenssen

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…Moreover, it improves reproductive performance, including a greater ovulation rate (7), better estrus synchronization (8,9), and a higher embryo survival rate (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dosage and duration of altrenogest treatmenton follicular development and ovulation in sows*

Kitkha¹,

Boonsoongnern²,

Ratanavanichrojn³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Alternative strategies could consist of allowing sows to recover from lactational catabolic status by delaying post-weaning insemination. This can be achieved by inseminating sows at the second oestrus after weaning (Clowes et al, 1994) or delaying the first postweaning oestrus by administration of a progestagen (Patterson et al, 2008). Consequences of such strategies on litter and newborn characteristics need to be investigated.…”

Section: Reproductive Sows and Suckling Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare

Prunier

Heinonen

Quesnel

2010

Animal

105

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Genetic selection and better control of the environment of the pigs have resulted in increased production levels concerning both reproduction and growth. Such high performances imply high physiological demands that may deteriorate health and welfare. The aims of this paper are to review the physiological challenges that pigs are facing, to identify possible consequences on health and welfare, to propose ways of detecting and correcting problems whenever possible. At weaning, piglets are submitted to abrupt changes in food supply, housing and social environment. Behavioural changes and efficient adaptations of the digestive tract are critical for their health and welfare. Physiological demands to support these adaptations and risks of failure are inversely related to the age of the pigs. During fattening, modern pigs have high daily weight gain especially of lean tissue as well as elevated feed conversion rate. These high growth performances are suspected to favour stress and disease susceptibility, undesirable behaviours as well as leg weakness, but further experimental data are necessary to validate these effects and find their origin. In reproductive females, high prolificacy generates elevated foetal demands for nutrients and space that are not fully met as shown by an increased number of light piglets having difficulties to adapt successfully to the neonatal life. During lactation, sows with high milk production have high nutrient requirements leading to intense catabolism that may affect their health, welfare and future reproductive abilities.

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Responses to delayed estrus after weaning in sows using oral progestagen treatment1

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Relationships between ovulation rate and embryonic and placental characteristics in multiparous sows at 35 days of pregnancy

Relationships between ovulation rate and embryonic and placental characteristics in multiparous sows at 35 days of pregnancy

Effect of dosage and duration of altrenogest treatmenton follicular development and ovulation in sows*

High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare

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