Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder

Šalkovskis, Paul M.; Wroe, Abigail L.; Gledhill, Ann; Morrison, N; Forrester, Elizabeth; Richards, Christopher D.; Reynolds, Martina; Thorpe, Susan J.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00071-6

Cited by 370 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Through this method, consecution of negative reinforcement is avoided, and the anxiety levels are reduced through the habituation process. Cognitive training intends to change beliefs and cognitive bias that maintain the obsessive-compulsive disorder, such as exaggerated sense of responsibility (Salkovskis et al, 2000), thought-action fusion (Rachman, 1993) or externalizing OCD (March & Mulle, 1998). The latter refers to the ability of children to think about the disorder as an enemy separated from themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Although several meta-analyses have investigated the efficacy of psychological treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there is not yet a consensus on the most efficacious treatment components. A meta-analysis was carried out to examine the efficacy of the different treatment techniques used in the psychological interventions of pediatric OCD. An exhaustive literature search from 1983 to February 2014 enabled us to locate 46 published articles that applied some kind of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). For each group the effect size was the standardized pretest-posttest mean change, and it was calculated for obsessive-compulsive symptoms and for other outcome measures. The results clearly showed large effect sizes for CBT in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms and, to a lesser extent, other outcome measures (d + = 1.860; 95% CI: 1.639; 2.081). The most promising treatments are those based on multicomponent programs comprising ERP, cognitive strategies, and relapse prevention. The analysis of other potential moderator variables and the implications for clinical practice are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis

et al. 2015

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“…A second factor which did not occur in previous analyses as an independent factor was high risk assessment. Nevertheless, for a long time, abnormal risk assessment and an exaggerated sense of responsibility had been recognized as concepts of considerable importance in OCD [22]. The emergence of these obsessional themes in a separate cluster of symptoms provides further evidence for the significance of abnormal risk assessment as a primary underlying belief in OCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom Dimensions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Factor Analysis on a Clinician-Rated Scale and a Self-Report Measure

et al. 2004

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Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is regarded as a unitary nosological entity, it encompasses a rich variety of heterogeneous mental and behavioural phenomena. The identification of clinical subtypes within this broad concept has been a focus of attention in recent years. In the present study, we administered a clinician-rated scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) with the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist (Y-BOCS CL), as well as a self-report questionnaire, the Padua Inventory revised (PI-R), to 150 outpatients with OCD. A principal component analysis on the Y-BOCS CL, along with the PI-R, identified 6 consistent symptom clusters: (1) contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions, (2) sexual/religious/somatic obsessions and checking, (3) high risk assessment and checking, (4) impulses and fear of loss of control, (5) need for symmetry and exactness, and ordering and counting compulsions, and finally (6) rumination. The Y-BOCS CL and PI-R showed great overlap and consistency regarding content and severity of the OCD symptoms. On inspection of items with identical content, only half of the items showed significant agreement. Both inventories have unique factors: rumination is represented solely in the PI-R, somatic obsessions and checking solely in the Y-BOCS CL. This means that the use of both clinician-administered and self-report measures is recommended, so that the entire spectrum of symptoms is represented.

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“…Participant completed measures included Child Depression Inventory [18], Obsessions and Compulsions Inventory (OCI) [14] modified for children, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children [20], the Children's Responsibility Attributions Scale (CRAS), the Children's Responsibility Interpretations questionnaire (CRIQ). Both the CRIQ and the CRAS are instruments modified from the adult measures of responsibility cognitions published in Salkovskis et al [31]. The CRAS is scored such that increasing score indicates a decreasing level of responsibility attributions, whereas the other selfreport scales are scored such that increasing score indicates increasing difficulties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An appraisal of responsibility for intrusive thoughts is a form of meta-cognition (thinking about thoughts) and the appraisal that one's thoughts might result in actions or events occurring is of no significance unless one appraises oneself as responsible for the thought. Evidence for responsibility cognitions being specific to OCD in adults has been provided by Salkovskis and his coworkers [31] who demonstrated that they differentiate patients with OCD from those with other emotional disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

Williams

Šalkovskis

Forrester

et al. 2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for young people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has become the treatment of first choice. However, the literature is largely based on studies emphasising exposure and response prevention. In this study, we report on a randomised controlled trial of CBT for young people carried out in typical outpatient clinic conditions which focused on cognitions. A randomised controlled trial compares 10 sessions of manualised cognitive behavioural treatment with a 12-week waiting list for adolescents and children with OCD. Assessors were blind to treatment allocation. 21 consecutive patients with OCD aged between 9 and 18 years were recruited. The group who received treatment improved more than a comparison group who waited for 3 months. The second group was treated subsequently using the same protocol and made similar gains. In conclusion, CBT can be delivered effectively to young people with OCD in typical outpatient settings.

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Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder

Cited by 370 publications

References 27 publications

Psychological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis

Psychological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis

Symptom Dimensions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Factor Analysis on a Clinician-Rated Scale and a Self-Report Measure

A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

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