Restricted versus step-up dietary adaptation in Nellore bulls: Effects over periods of 9 and 14 days on feedlot performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics

Barducci, R. S.; Sarti, L. M. N.; Millen, D. D.; Putarov, Thaila Cristina; Franzói, M. C. S.; Ribeiro, Felipe; Perdigão, Alexandre; Estevam, D. D.; Carrara, Tássia Veluma Barbosa; Rigueiro, A. L.; Watanabe, Daniel Hideki Mariano; Cursino, L. L.; Martins, Cyntia Ludovico; Pereira, Murillo Ceola Stefano; Arrigoni, Mário de Beni

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.012

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the previous convention that 2 weeks of adaptation can minimize the potential impact of diet changes on animals and remove carry-over from the previous treatment. Barducci et al [25] reported that the rumen papillae were still adapting at 9 days, but after 14 days of adaptation, the rumen epithelium was totally adapted. Machado et al [5] reported an adaptation period of two weeks for the bacterial community to stabilize under a new diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Transitioning between Feeding Methods on the Gut Microbiota Dynamics of Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Wang

Geng

et al. 2020

Animals

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Here we aimed to explore the change in yak gut microbiota after transferring yaks from grazing grassland to a feedlot, and determine their diet adaptation period. Five yaks were transferred from winter pasture to an indoor feedlot. Fecal samples were obtained from grazing (G) and feedlot feeding yaks at day 1 (D1), day 4 (D4), day 7 (D7), day 11 (D11), and day 16 (D16). The dynamic variation of the bacterial community was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the yak gut microbial community structure underwent significant changes after diet transition. At the phylum and genus levels, most bacteria changed within D1–D11; however, no significant changes were observed from D11–D16. Furthermore, we used random forest to determine the key bacteria (at class level) disturbing gut micro-ecology. The relative abundance of the top four classes (Erysipelotrichia, Gammaproteobacteria, Saccharimonadia, and Coriobacteriia) was highest on D1–D4, and then decreased and plateaued over time. Our results demonstrated that an abrupt adjustment to a diet with high nutrition could influence the gut micro-ecology, which was stabilized within 16 days, thus providing insights into diet adaptation in the yak gut.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Transitioning between Feeding Methods on the Gut Microbiota Dynamics of Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Wang

Geng

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…In general, the average adaptation period in Brazilian feedlots is reported to be 16.2 days ( Pinto and Millen, 2018 ). Further work evaluating different adaptation periods ( Perdigão et al, 2017 ; Barducci et al, 2019 ; Parra et al, 2019 ) suggested that Nellore cattle should spend a minimum of 14 days adapting to a high-concentrate diet in a step-up manner, where increasing amounts of concentrate are successively added to the adaptation diet. However, the application of these guidelines is confounded by the dietary history of the incoming calves, which can differ significantly by sourcing location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal Fermentation Pattern, Bacterial Community Composition, and Nutrient Digestibility of Nellore Cattle Submitted to Either Nutritional Restriction or Intake of Concentrate Feedstuffs Prior to Adaptation Period

et al. 2020

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Beef cattle are key contributors to meat production and represent critical drivers of the global agricultural economy. In Brazil, beef cattle are reared in tropical pastures and finished in feedlot systems. The introduction of cattle into a feedlot includes a period where they adapt to high-concentrate diets. This adaptation period is critical to the success of incoming cattle, as they must adjust to both a new diet and environment. Incoming animals are typically reared on a variety of diets, ranging from poor quality grasses to grazing systems supplemented with concentrate feedstuffs. These disparate pre-adaptation diets present a challenge, and here, we sought to understand this process by evaluating the adaptation of Nellore calves raised on either grazing on poor quality grasses (restriction diet) or grazing systems supplemented with concentrate (concentrate diet). Given that nutrient provisioning from the diet is the sole responsibility of the ruminal microbial community, we measured the impact of this dietary shift on feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation pattern, ruminal bacterial community composition (BCC), and total tract digestibility. Six cannulated Nellore bulls were randomly assigned to two 3 × 3 Latin squares, and received a control, restriction, or concentrate diet. All cohorts were then fed the same adaptation diet to mimic a standard feedlot. Ruminal BCC was determined using Illumina-based 16S rRNA amplicon community sequencing. We found that concentrate-fed cattle had greater dry matter intake ( P < 0.01) than restricted animals. Likewise, cattle fed concentrate had greater ( P = 0.02) propionate concentration during the adaptation phase than control animals and a lower Shannon’s diversity ( P = 0.02), relative to the restricted animals. We also found that these animals had lower ( P = 0.04) relative abundances of Fibrobacter succinogenes when compared to control animals during the pre-adaptation phase and lower abundances of bacteria within the Succinivibrio during the finishing phase, when compared to the control animals ( P = 0.05). Finally, we found that animals previously exposed to concentrate were able to better adapt to high-concentrate diets when compared to restricted animals. Our study presents the first investigation of the impact of pre-adaptation diet on ruminal BCC and metabolism of bulls during the adaptation period. We suggest that these results may be useful for planning adaptation protocols of bulls entering the feedlot system and thereby improve animal production.

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“…Nevertheless, all macroscopic rumen variables of the cattle fed VM9 were negatively impacted, including MPA, ASA, NOP, and papillae area expressed as percent of ASA. Other authors ( 2 ) also evaluated the shortening of the adaptation period from 14 to 9 days for Nellore cattle and reported that caution is advised before adopting 9 days of adaptation since rumen papillae development was negatively impacted by the end of the adaptation, and no improvements in NOP and ASA and also in performance were detected at the end of the study. The same authors also calculated a cell proliferation index based on an immunohistochemistry technique performed on rumen papillae and reported that cattle adapted for 9 days had more nuclei proliferating at the end of the adaptation, which means that the rumen papillae were still adapting, but Nellore cattle adapted for 14 days had a cell proliferation index similar to the animals slaughtered at the end of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptation studies have been conducted previously in Brazil to determine the most appropriate adaptation length to highconcentrate diets for Nellore cattle (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Based on the results of these studies, Nellore cattle should not be adapted in less than 14 days, regardless of the type of adaptation protocol adopted, corn processing method, and nutritional background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Shortening the Adaptation of Nellore Cattle to High-Concentrate Diets Using Only Virginiamycin as Sole Feed Additive

et al. 2021

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Feedlot cattle are usually adapted to high-concentrate diets containing sodium monensin (MON) in more than 14 days. However, for finishing diets with lower energy content, the use of MON during adaptation may hold dry matter intake (DMI), and virginiamycin (VM) may be an alternative. This study was designed to determine the potential of shortening the adaptation of Nellore cattle to high-concentrate diets using only VM as a sole feed additive relative to feedlot performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal and cecum morphometrics. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block replicated six times (four animals/pen) in which 120 Nellore bulls (390.4 ± 19.0 kg) were fed in 30 pens for 111 days according to the following treatments: (1) MON and adaptation for 14 days (MON14), (2) MON + VM and adaptation for 14 days (MONVM14), (3) VM and adaptation for 14 days (VM14), (4) VM and adaptation for 9 days (VM9), and (5) VM and adaptation for 6 days (VM6). At the end of the adaptation, 30 animals (n = 1 per pen) were randomly slaughtered for rumen and cecum evaluations. The remaining 90 bulls were harvested at the end of the study. No effects of treatments were observed (P < 0.10) for final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and hot carcass weight (HCW). Cattle fed VM14 presented a greater (P ≤ 0.03) DMI, expressed as percent of body weight (BW), than animals fed either MON14 or MONVM14; however, cattle fed either MON14 or MONVM14 improved (P ≤ 0.02) the gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) by 10.4 or 8.1%, respectively, when compared to bulls fed VM14. Bulls fed VM14 had smaller (P < 0.05) papillae area (0.34 vs. 0.42 cm2) and rumen absorptive surface area (28.9 vs. 33.8 cm2) than those fed MON14. The shortening of the adaptation period linearly decreased the 12th rib fat (P = 0.02) and biceps femoris fat daily gain (P = 0.02) of Nellore bulls fed only VM, which linearly decreased the final biceps femoris fat thickness (P < 0.01). Feedlot cattle fed VM as a sole feed additive should not be adapted to high-concentrate diets in less than 14 days. Regardless of either adaptation length or feed additive, feedlot cattle need at least 14 days to adapt to finishing diets.

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Restricted versus step-up dietary adaptation in Nellore bulls: Effects over periods of 9 and 14 days on feedlot performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

The Effect of Transitioning between Feeding Methods on the Gut Microbiota Dynamics of Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

The Effect of Transitioning between Feeding Methods on the Gut Microbiota Dynamics of Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Ruminal Fermentation Pattern, Bacterial Community Composition, and Nutrient Digestibility of Nellore Cattle Submitted to Either Nutritional Restriction or Intake of Concentrate Feedstuffs Prior to Adaptation Period

The Potential of Shortening the Adaptation of Nellore Cattle to High-Concentrate Diets Using Only Virginiamycin as Sole Feed Additive

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