Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rDNA and of whole rRNA genes (ribotyping) of Streptococcus iniae strains from the United States and Israel

Eldar, Avi; Lawhon, Sara D.; Frelier, Paul F.; Assenta, Liliana; Simpson, B.; Varner, Patricia; Bercovier, Hervé

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12564.x

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To date, several methodologies have been employed to genetically differentiate between S. iniae isolates recovered from different hosts in different geographic locations, with varying degrees of success. Eldar et al (1997) FIGURE 2. UPGMA dendrograms based on Dice coefficient matrices generated from PCR amplification of S. iniae DNA using GTG 5 primers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity among Streptococcus iniae Isolates Recovered from Cultured and Wild Fish in North America, Central America and the Caribbean Islands

et al. 2014

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Streptococcus iniae, the etiological agent of streptococcosis in fish, is an important pathogen of cultured and wild fish worldwide. During the last decade outbreaks of streptococcosis have occurred in a wide range of cultured and wild fish in the Americas and Caribbean islands. To gain a better understanding of the epizootiology of S. iniae in the western hemisphere, over 30 S. iniae isolates recovered from different fish species and geographic locations were characterized phenotypically and genetically. Species identities were determined biochemically and confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR fingerprinting as well as biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles suggest that a single strain of S. iniae was responsible for two different disease outbreaks among reef fishes in the Caribbean, one in 1999 and another in 2008. Interestingly, a majority of the isolates recovered from cultured fish in the Americas were genetically distinct from the Caribbean isolates and exhibited a trend toward higher minimal inhibitory concentration with respect to several antibiotics as well as greater genetic variability. The biological significance of this genetic variability is unclear, but it could have implications for future vaccine development and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity among Streptococcus iniae Isolates Recovered from Cultured and Wild Fish in North America, Central America and the Caribbean Islands

et al. 2014

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“…A year later the same agent was isolated in the USA from infected tilapines and striped bass Morone saxitilis (Perera et al 1994), suggesting the pathogen and its associated disease were widely distributed. Although the North American and Israeli isolates cluster in 2 distinct epidemiological clones (Eldar et al 1997b), the pathological outcomes are similar (Eldar et al 1995, Perera et al 1994, Eldar & Ghittino 1999, with losses that often exceed 50% of the population. Increased awareness and improved identification schemes have subsequently demonstrated that S. iniae is present in different parts of the world and among various fresh-and saltwater fish species (Zlotkin et al 1998, Ferguson et al 2000, Bromage & Owens 2002, Colorni et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus iniae type II infections in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Lahav¹,

Eyngor²,

Hurvitz³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Clinical and pathological findings (anorexia, hemorrhage, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicated that Streptococcus iniae type II is responsible for a fatal disease in rainbow trout. Histopathological findings revealed that S. iniae type II produces a systemic disease, including a diffuse necrotizing myositis. The distribution of viable bacteria in infected tissues substantiated the pathological findings, confirming that S. iniae type II is responsible for a generalized septic disease of rainbow trout. KEY WORDS: Rainbow trout · Streptococcus iniae · Serotype · Pathology Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 62: [177][178][179][180] 2004 2003). In the present work we assessed the pathological outcomes of infections of rainbow trout by S. iniae serotype II. Our results indicate that Serotype II strains produce an acute septic disease accompanied by multisystem organ involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODSSampling procedure for pathology and bacteriological analysis. Specimens were collected from 2 trout farms located in northern Israel (Upper Galilee) which are supplied with water at a constant temperature of 16°C. At the time of collection both farms were experiencing heavy mortalities, and bacteriological examination (30 fish from each farm, 50 to 350 g each) revealed pure colonies of β-hemolytic Gram-positive cocci. Bacteriological identification (Eldar et al. 1995), authenticated by PCR analysis (Zlotkin et al. 1998), confirmed the presence of arginine dehydrolase-negative isolates of Streptococcus iniae. PCR analysis with the p14 primer did not produce the 750 bp band, indicating that all current isolates were of type II (Bachrach et al. 2001). Tissues (brain, heart, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, gills and muscle) from 10 diseased rainbow trout were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Gross lesions were recorded.Distribution of bacteria in tissues. Bacterial colonyforming units (CFUs) were counted in the tissues of 20 rainbow trout (100 to 200 g each), infected with Streptococcus iniae type II and showing clinical signs of streptococcosis (darkening of the skin combined with multifocal ecchymoses, lethargy, loss of orientation and ocular pathologies). Organs (brain, heart, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, gills and muscle) were weighed and blended over a 60-mesh grid. Tissue homogenate samples (1 g) were suspended in 10 ml phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) (15 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 145 mM NaCl, pH 7.20) supplemented with 0.2% Triton X-100 (Sigma) and serially diluted. The bacterial CFU population was determined by plate counting.The bacterial loads in tissues of rainbow trout infected by Streptococcus iniae type I were assessed with a 2-step cohabitation method. First, 10 naive rainbow trout (50 to 80 g each) were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of (7.5 × 10 5 CFU fish -1 ) virulent S. iniae Dan-15 (type I strain), as described previously (Eldar et al. 1997a). Then, on Day 10 ...

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“…The implications of animal personality and thermal choice in response to Streptococcus iniae infections in Nile tilapia have not been previously reported. Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen globally affecting Nile Tilapia aquaculture (Eldar et al 1997;Shoemaker, Klesius & Evans 2001) and has been shown to positively correlate with increased environmental temperature (Bromage & Owens 2009). Behavioural fever is defined as an acute change in thermal preference driven by pathogen recognition and referred as a synergic signal to improve the immune response of fish ).…”

Section: Behavioural Fever In Animal Personalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal preference predicts animal personality in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Cerqueira

Rey

Silva

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary1. Environmental temperature gradients provide habitat structure in which fish orientate and individual thermal choice may reflect an essential integrated response to the environment. The use of subtle thermal gradients likely impacts upon specific physiological and behavioural processes reflected as a suite of traits described by animal personality. In this study we examine the relationship between thermal choice, animal personality and the impact of infection upon this interaction.2. We predicted that thermal choice in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reflects distinct personality traits and that under a challenge individuals exhibit differential thermal distribution. Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.3. Nile Tilapia were screened following two different protocols: 1) a suite of individual behavioural tests to screen for personality and 2) thermal choice in a custom-built tank with a thermal gradient (T CH tank) ranging from 21 to 33 ºC. A first set of fish were screened for behaviour and then thermal preference and a second set were tested in the opposite fashion; thermal then behaviour. The final thermal distribution of the fish after 48 h was assessed reflecting final thermal preferendum. Additionally, fish were then challenged using a bacterial Streptococcus iniae model infection to assess the behavioural fever response of proactive and reactive fish.4. Results showed that individuals with preference for higher temperatures were also classified as proactive with behavioural tests and reactive contemporaries chose significantly lower water temperatures. All groups exhibited behavioural fever recovering personality-specific thermal preferences after 5 days.5. Our results show that thermal preference can be used as a proxy to assess personality traits in Nile tilapia and it is a central factor to understand the adaptive meaning of animal personality within a population.Importantly, response to infection by expressing behavioural fever overrides personality related thermal choice.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rDNA and of whole rRNA genes (ribotyping) of Streptococcus iniae strains from the United States and Israel

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity among Streptococcus iniae Isolates Recovered from Cultured and Wild Fish in North America, Central America and the Caribbean Islands

Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity among Streptococcus iniae Isolates Recovered from Cultured and Wild Fish in North America, Central America and the Caribbean Islands

Streptococcus iniae type II infections in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Thermal preference predicts animal personality in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

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