Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2011–13 in the Gulf States

Jamsheer, Afaf E; Rafay, A. M.; Daoud, Ziad; Morrissey, Ian; Torumkuney, D

doi:10.1093/jac/dkw064

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Such resistance is still rare in most regions of the world; 13,15,19,20 however, the overall sample size was small in this study and the significance of the finding is unclear. Interestingly, the rate of 3.8% non-susceptibility is almost exactly the same as the rate found in neighbouring Turkey in 2011-13 (3.5%).…”

Section: V40mentioning

confidence: 68%

Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Greece

Torumkuney

Papaparaskevas

Morrissey³

2018

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Objectives: To determine antimicrobial susceptibility in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae collected in 2014-16 from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Greece.Methods: MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility assessed using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints.Results: A total of 99 S. pneumoniae and 52 H. influenzae isolates were collected. Overall, 36.4% of S. pneumoniae were penicillin susceptible by CLSI oral/EUCAST and 88.9% by CLSI intravenous (iv) breakpoints. All were fluoroquinolone susceptible with 94% of isolates also susceptible to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone by CLSI and PK/PD breakpoints. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, cefaclor and macrolides were less active, with rates of susceptibility of 83.8%, 69.7%, 50.5% and 49.5%, respectively, by CLSI. Generally susceptibility was the same or slightly lower by EUCAST, but the cefaclor difference was much greater. Among H. influenzae, 15.4% of isolates were b-lactamase positive. Susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and the fluoroquinolones was seen in .95% of isolates by CLSI criteria. Susceptibility to azithromycin was seen in 94.2% of isolates using CLSI breakpoints, but clarithromycin susceptibility was lower (61.5%). However, susceptibility to both macrolides was seen in ,5% of isolates by PK/PD and EUCAST criteria. Susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was seen in 71.2% of isolates.Conclusions: Owing to the high prevalence of macrolide resistance among S. pneumoniae and the reduced activity of clarithromycin against H. influenzae, it appears that these agents are not appropriate as monotherapy for community-acquired pneumonia in Greece. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, on the other hand, maintained excellent in vitro activity and, as opposed to the similarly effective fluoroquinolones, is safe to use in paediatric patients.

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Section: V40mentioning

confidence: 68%

Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Greece

Torumkuney

Papaparaskevas

Morrissey³

2018

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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“…Cotrimoxazole and FQ resistance were shown to be stable in this period [93]. The latest report showed moderate prevalence of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin, but no strain was resistant to FQ [94].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In Oman, the most recent surveillance report indicated a high level of penicillin and erythromycin resistance, with slight FQ resistance [94]. Before this study, the last report on antibiotic pneumococcal resistance was prepared in 2007.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Further, 20 % of strains showed triple resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and erythromycin. In 2016, surveillance reports showed an increase in antibiotic resistance rates, especially to penicillin, erythromycin and FQ [94].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bahrein, the sole surveillance study performed [94] on a collection of 100 clinical isolates showed that 40 % were resistance to penicillin, while only 16 % were resistance to erythromycin, and no resistance to either levofloxacin or moxifloxacin was detected.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Middle East region

Moujaber

Osman

Rafei

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Purpose. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that normally colonizes the human nasopharyngeal cavity. Once disseminated, it can cause several diseases, ranging from non-invasive infections such as acute otitis media and sinusitis through to invasive infections with higher mortality, including meningitis and septicaemia. Since the identification of the first S. pneumoniae strain with decreased susceptibility to penicillin in the 1960s, antibiotic resistance among S. pneumoniae has increased disturbingly and the mechanisms of resistance have begun to unfold.Methodology. This work briefly reviewed the available data on the molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance and its epidemiology among pneumococcal strains in Middle Eastern countries.Key findings. Both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms (mutations, acquisition of novel mobile genetic elements and sometimes gene duplication and overexpression) affect susceptibility to a large variety of antibiotics. In Middle Eastern countries, including Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, surveillance showed a disturbing increase in the strength and prevalence of resistance to antibiotics over the years, especially in the last decade. However, no surveillance reports were found in other Middle Eastern countries, such as Syria and Iraq.Conclusion. In order to better survey, control and prevent the emergence of multidrug-and extremely drug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, antimicrobial stewardship, national surveillance and public awareness programmes should be developed urgently in Middle Eastern countries.

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Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region

Rafei

Hawli

Osman

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2011–13 in the Gulf States

Abstract: There was considerable variability in susceptibility among countries in the same region. Thus, continued surveillance is necessary to track future changes in antibiotic resistance.

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Greece

Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Greece

Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Middle East region

Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region

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