Retained satellite information influences performance of GPS devices in a forested ecosystem

Moriarty, Katie M.; Epps, Clinton W.

doi:10.1002/wsb.524

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The GPS collars attempted a location every 5 minutes. To save battery life, we programmed GPS collars to collect locations only when martens were active (Moriarty and Epps ). We restricted our movement analyses to GPS locations with average predicted accuracy and standard error (SE) of 28 ± 7 m (Moriarty and Epps ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To save battery life, we programmed GPS collars to collect locations only when martens were active (Moriarty and Epps ). We restricted our movement analyses to GPS locations with average predicted accuracy and standard error (SE) of 28 ± 7 m (Moriarty and Epps ). We included only martens that were >2 years old in our sample because we were interested in the movement behavior of the segment of the population most likely to affect sustainability (Buskirk et al ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little is known about their movement. Snowtracking has been used to study marten movements in winter (Hargis and McCullough , Corn and Raphael , Nams and Bourgeois ), and 3 studies have tracked marten movement patterns using telemetry (Balharry , Bissonette and Broekhuizen , Zalewski et al ), but global positioning system (GPS) technology suitably sized for martens and capable of generating much higher resolution data year‐round has only been available since 2009 (Moriarty and Epps ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Forest thinning changes movement patterns and habitat use by Pacific marten

Moriarty¹,

Epps²,

Zielinski

2016

J Wildl Manag

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Simplifying stand structure to reduce fuel density is a high priority for forest managers; however, affects to Pacific marten (Martes caurina) movement and connectivity are unknown. We evaluated whether thinning forests to reduce fuels influenced movements of Pacific marten. We collected movement paths from 22 martens using global positioning system telemetry to evaluate habitat selection and describe movement patterns. We quantified motion variance, speed, and path sinuosity in 3 stand types that differed in structural complexity (i.e., complex [dense], simple [thinned], and open). We hypothesized marten movement would differ between stand types and predicted that 1) martens would select stand types with increased structural complexity (complex > simple > open); 2) movements would increase in complexity (sinuosity, motion variance) and decrease in speed when martens traveled through stands with increased structural complexity; 3) speeds would increase during summer, indicating increased movement during the breeding season; and 4) males would move more rapidly because of their larger home ranges. Martens traveled 0.5-27.2 km/day and an average (SD) of 1.4 (0.4) km/hour. Martens selected home ranges with fewer openings compared to the study area overall. Within home ranges, martens strongly selected complex stands over simple stands and openings. Speed and movement complexity were most consistent over time and movements were more sinuous and slower in complex stand types compared with openings and simple stands. Movement was erratic and more linear in openings than in both complex and simple stands. In simple stands, movement patterns were intermediate between complex stands and openings. Females generally moved more slowly, sinuously, and less variably compared to males. Martens moved more quickly, less sinuously, and more variably during winter compared to summer. However, martens avoided stands with simplified structure, and the altered patterns of movement we observed in those stands suggested that such treatments may negatively affect the ability of martens to forage without increased risk of predation. Fuel treatments that simplify stand structure negatively affected marten movements and habitat connectivity. Given these risks, and because treating fuels is less justified in high elevation forests, the risks can be minimized by applying treatments below the elevations where martens typically occur. Ó 2016 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest thinning changes movement patterns and habitat use by Pacific marten

Moriarty¹,

Epps²,

Zielinski

2016

J Wildl Manag

Self Cite

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“…During non DLW-enrichment deployments, collars often suffered battery failure before the animal was re-captured (Moriarty and Epps 2015), resulting in differences in length of time monitored. Because martens often traverse the perimeter of their territories in fewer than five days, we considered our estimates of use areas representative of general space use.…”

Section: Movement Characteristics and Use Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest structure and snow depth alter the movement patterns and subsequent expenditures of a forest carnivore, the Pacific marten

Martin

Moriarty

Pauli

2019

Oikos

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Energetic balance is central to the survival and persistence of free‐ranging animals. Quantifying expenditures and identifying factors that drive energetics informs our understanding of species' ecology and their responses to shifting environmental conditions. Approaches used to estimate energetic expenditures of free‐ranging species, such as doubly‐labelled water (DLW), are precise but difficult to implement. Global positioning system (GPS) collars and accelerometers have emerged as alternatives for estimating expenditures, but these techniques have few applications in terrestrial species and no applications in small‐bodied (<5 kg) terrestrial animals. Here, we estimated movement characteristics and field metabolic rates (FMR) of Pacific martens Martes caurina, a small‐bodied carnivore with relatively high energetic costs, in a heterogeneous landscape to explore the role of movement and landscape characteristics in energetics. We concurrently used DLW and GPS collars to investigate the relationship between movement characteristics and FMR. Movement velocity explained the greatest amount of variation in mass‐specific FMR and we used this relationship to predict expenditures of previously collared martens. We found that predicted mass‐specific FMR was highest among males and increased in open patches primarily as a result of increased velocity and more erratic movements. Additionally, martens moving through deep snow also exhibited increased FMR. Our work shows movement metrics can effectively explain variation in FMR and identify landscape features, like forest structure and snow depth, that influence movements with cascading effects on energetics for free‐ranging mammals in rapidly changing systems.

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“…However, past studies have primarily relied on ground telemetry and arguably provided sparse and temporally biased data. Although some studies have fitted small carnivores with GPS collars, recent sampling revealed numerous technical issues (Moriarty and Epps ). An understanding of habitat use, however, is critical for the marten, which is considered a focal species of forest management in eastern North America (Thompson , Hepinstall and Harrison ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficacy of remote telemetry data loggers for landscape‐scale monitoring: A case study of American martens

et al. 2016

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Remote telemetry data loggers are commonly used for monitoring wildlife species. Although remote telemetry data loggers provide reliable microhabitat use data, few studies have used them to evaluate landscape‐scale, temporal, and spatial habitat use. We installed 3 data loggers along a mountain ridgeline that was being developed for a commercial wind farm in northern New Hampshire, USA, to monitor use of a high‐elevation forest by American martens (Martes americana). We tested 1) the efficacy of data loggers to record presence–absence and index space use in a 6.75‐km2 area, validating marten locations using radiotelemetry and camera traps; and 2) whether there were diel and seasonal biases of data logger detections. As a case study, we evaluated temporal and spatial habitat‐use hypotheses with respect to variations in vegetation cover (leaf‐on or leaf‐off) and astronomical seasons using data from 11 martens monitored for nearly 2 years (6 Feb 2011–23 Dec 2012). Data loggers recorded presence–absence of radiocollared martens across 80% (240 of 299) of the trials within the study area with few false positives (4%; 19 of 494 trials). Detection probability and spatial use were most influenced by elevation, distance to data loggers, and line‐of‐sight view. We did not detect a seasonal bias but data loggers recorded fewer nocturnal detections. We recorded 118,120 detections of radiocollared martens, most of which occurred during leaf‐off seasons (87%; 102,931). Spatial use declined significantly (β = −0.54, P = 0.04) during the first leaf‐on season, corresponding with the construction phase of the wind farm project, and remained lower throughout the study. Diel use was explained by an astronomical calendar with greater nocturnal use during autumn and winter. Our results show that remote telemetry data loggers provided accurate spatiotemporal data for landscape‐scale habitat monitoring, overcoming many of the problems with telemetry data—such as limited sampling period and bias—that can compromise measurements of space use. We suggest incorporating remote telemetry data loggers for space use and disturbance studies of wildlife species. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.

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Retained satellite information influences performance of GPS devices in a forested ecosystem

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Forest thinning changes movement patterns and habitat use by Pacific marten

Forest thinning changes movement patterns and habitat use by Pacific marten

Forest structure and snow depth alter the movement patterns and subsequent expenditures of a forest carnivore, the Pacific marten

Efficacy of remote telemetry data loggers for landscape‐scale monitoring: A case study of American martens

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