Rethinking cross-cultural adaptability using behavioral developmental theory: An analysis of different migrant behaviors.

Abstract

The rate of international migration has reached unprecedented levels over the past few decades (Schwartz, Unger, Zamboanga, & Szapocznik, 2010). According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of migrants worldwide was 244 million in 2015. Current literature in cross-cultural adaptability describes acculturation as a 4-phase process, namely honeymoon, crisis, adjustment, and biculturalism (Sawyer, 2012). This approach characterizes all migrants equally, regardless of the type of migrant. This approach however is missing other factors such as an individual's developmental stage, needs, interests, and exposed/reinforcing memes. Orientations of these characteristics can vary drastically from one immigrant to another, and play an important role in acculturation outcomes. For a successful transition, immigrants and natives alike need to form successful relationships, while immigrants discover how systems work in the new country, and learn how to pursue their goals using the new resources in their new environment. These adaptive behaviors displayed by immigrants and natives are analyzed using stage theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, interests, and memes. In this article, we explore why some individuals and groups adapt better than others. A low-acculturated immigrant operates at a lower stage, may have been and continue to be exposed to memes that are less diverse, have lower needs, and choose more traditional careers. A highly acculturated immigrant operates at a higher stage, may be exposed to more diverse memes, have higher needs and choose more nontraditional careers. Through this analysis, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of immigration processes of different immigrants.

Fenomena Culture Shock Pada Mahasiswa Perantauan Tingkat 1 Universitas Negeri Padang

“…Berada pada kategori sedang culture shock mahasiswa yang berasal dari luar sumatera barat terkait dipicu dari kecemasan yang akan menimbulkan akibat hilangnya tanda dari hubungan sosial yang selama ini dikenal dengan interaksi sosial, seperti petunjuk dalam bentuk kata-kata, ekspresi wajah, isyarat-isyarat, kebiasaan, dan norma yang diperoleh individu dari perjalanan hidupnya mulai dari individu tersebut lahir (Ramakrishnan, Barker, Vervoordt, & Zhang, 2017).…”

Increasing Migrants' Work Self-efficacy and Job Search Self-efficacy Perceptions by Developing Career Adaptability

“…In addition, regardless of job conditions, adaptability resources were positively associated with both general and occupational wellbeing (Maggiori et al, 2013). Other studies have investigated refugees' career adaptability (see Campion, 2018;Ramakrishnan, Barker, Vervoordt, & Zhang, 2018;Wehrle, Kira, & Klehe, 2019). Findings showed that career adaptability plays a crucial role in the resettlement process: it enables the activation of internal resources required to modify expectations and implement adaptive coping strategies to deal with resettlement (Campion, 2018).…”

Increasing Refugees’ Work and Job Search Self-Efficacy Perceptions by Developing Career Adaptability

“…The relationship between job insecurity, career adaptability, and both general and occupational well-being was investigated, and results showed that, regardless of job conditions, adaptability resources were positively associated with both general and occupational well-being (Maggiori et al 2013;Lodi et al 2020). Other studies have investigated refugees' career adaptability (see Campion 2018;Ramakrishnan et al 2018;Wehrle et al 2019). Findings showed that career adaptability plays a crucial role in the resettlement process by enabling the activation of internal resources required to modify expectations and implement adap-tive coping strategies to deal with resettlement (Campion 2018).…”